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Detecting manipulated images and videos is an important topic in digital media forensics. Most detection methods use binary classification to determine the probability of a query being manipulated. Another important topic is locating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Huy H. Nguyen , Fuming Fang , Junichi Yamagishi , Isao Echizen

In this paper we propose a novel image representation called face X-ray for detecting forgery in face images. The face X-ray of an input face image is a greyscale image that reveals whether the input image can be decomposed into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Lingzhi Li , Jianmin Bao , Ting Zhang , Hao Yang , Dong Chen , Fang Wen , Baining Guo

The rapid evolution of deep generative models poses a critical challenge to deepfake detection, as detectors trained on forgery-specific artifacts often suffer significant performance degradation when encountering unseen forgeries. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Mengyu Qiao , Runze Tian , Yang Wang

Biometric presentation attack detection is gaining increasing attention. Users of mobile devices find it more convenient to unlock their smart applications with finger, face or iris recognition instead of passwords. In this paper, we survey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Yomna Safaa El-Din , Mohamed N. Moustafa , Hani Mahdi

Fairness is a core element in the trustworthy deployment of deepfake detection models, especially in the field of digital identity security. Biases in detection models toward different demographic groups, such as gender and race, may lead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Feng Ding , Wenhui Yi , Yunpeng Zhou , Xinan He , Hong Rao , Shu Hu

Facial recognition has become a widely used method for authentication and identification, with applications for secure access and locating missing persons. Its success is largely attributed to deep learning, which leverages large datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Pedro Vidal , Bernardo Biesseck , Luiz E. L. Coelho , Roger Granada , David Menotti

Despite the fact that DeepFake forgery detection algorithms have achieved impressive performance on known manipulations, they often face disastrous performance degradation when generalized to an unseen manipulation. Some recent works show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Chuer Yu , Xuhong Zhang , Yuxuan Duan , Senbo Yan , Zonghui Wang , Yang Xiang , Shouling Ji , Wenzhi Chen

As generative AI systems, including large language models (LLMs) and diffusion models, advance rapidly, their growing adoption has led to new and complex security risks often overlooked in traditional AI risk assessment frameworks. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Aviral Srivastava , Sourav Panda

Machine learning (ML) systems for medical imaging have demonstrated remarkable diagnostic capabilities, but their susceptibility to biases poses significant risks, since biases may negatively impact generalization performance. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Haroui Ma , Francesco Quinzan , Theresa Willem , Stefan Bauer

Ensuring that AI-based facial recognition systems produce fair predictions and work equally well across all demographic groups is crucial. Earlier systems often exhibited demographic bias, particularly in gender and racial classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shweta Patel , Dakshina Ranjan Kisku

Image manipulation detection algorithms designed to identify local anomalies often rely on the manipulated regions being ``sufficiently'' different from the rest of the non-tampered regions in the image. However, such anomalies might not be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Rosaura G. VidalMata , Priscila Saboia , Daniel Moreira , Grant Jensen , Jason Schlessman , Walter J. Scheirer

Recent years have seen fast development in synthesizing realistic human faces using AI technologies. Such fake faces can be weaponized to cause negative personal and social impact. In this work, we develop technologies to defend individuals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Yuezun Li , Xin Yang , Baoyuan Wu , Siwei Lyu

GAN-generated image detection now becomes the first line of defense against the malicious uses of machine-synthesized image manipulations such as deepfakes. Although some existing detectors work well in detecting clean, known GAN samples,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Chi Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Sheng Shen , Wanlei Zhou

In Neural Networks, there are various methods of feature fusion. Different strategies can significantly affect the effectiveness of feature representation, consequently influencing the ability of model to extract representative and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Si Zhou , Yain-Whar Si , Xiaochen Yuan , Xiaofan Li , Xiaoxiang Liu , Xinyuan Zhang , Cong Lin , Xueyuan Gong

Manipulated videos, especially those where the identity of an individual has been modified using deep neural networks, are becoming an increasingly relevant threat in the modern day. In this paper, we seek to develop a generalizable,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Steven Schwarcz , Rama Chellappa

Rich feature representations derived from CLIP-ViT have been widely utilized in AI-generated image detection. While most existing methods primarily leverage features from the final layer, we systematically analyze the contributions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 NaHyeon Park , Kunhee Kim , Junsuk Choe , Hyunjung Shim

Following the recent initiatives for the democratization of AI, deep fake generators have become increasingly popular and accessible, causing dystopian scenarios towards social erosion of trust. A particular domain, such as biological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Ilke Demir , Umur A. Ciftci

Deepfake detection models often struggle with generalization to unseen datasets, manifesting as misclassifying real instances as fake in target domains. This is primarily due to an overreliance on forgery artifacts and a limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Ming-Hui Liu , Harry Cheng , Tianyi Wang , Xin Luo , Xin-Shun Xu

The availability of large-scale facial databases, together with the remarkable progresses of deep learning technologies, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), have led to the generation of extremely realistic fake facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 João C. Neves , Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Vasco Lopes , Hugo Proença , Julian Fierrez

The presence of bias in deep models leads to unfair outcomes for certain demographic subgroups. Research in bias focuses primarily on facial recognition and attribute prediction with scarce emphasis on face detection. Existing studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Surbhi Mittal , Kartik Thakral , Puspita Majumdar , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh