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An instance of colorful k-center consists of points in a metric space that are colored red or blue, along with an integer k and a coverage requirement for each color. The goal is to find the smallest radius \r{ho} such that there exist…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Xinrui Jia , Kshiteej Sheth , Ola Svensson

Clustering is a fundamental unsupervised learning problem where a dataset is partitioned into clusters that consist of nearby points in a metric space. A recent variant, fair clustering, associates a color with each point representing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Seyed A. Esmaeili , Brian Brubach , Aravind Srinivasan , John P. Dickerson

In recent years, there has been a surge in effort to formalize notions of fairness in machine learning. We focus on centroid clustering--one of the fundamental tasks in unsupervised machine learning. We propose a new axiom ``proportionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Haris Aziz , Barton E. Lee , Sean Morota Chu , Jeremy Vollen

We give a local search based algorithm for $k$-median and $k$-means (and more generally for any $k$-clustering with $\ell_p$ norm cost function) from the perspective of individual fairness. More precisely, for a point $x$ in a point set $P$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Sepideh Mahabadi , Ali Vakilian

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning task that consists of identifying groups of similar objects. It has numerous applications and is increasingly used in fairness-sensitive domains where objects represent individuals, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Claudio Mantuano , Manuel Kammermann , Philipp Baumann

We study data clustering problems with $\ell_p$-norm objectives (e.g. $k$-Median and $k$-Means) in the context of individual fairness. The dataset consists of $n$ points, and we want to find $k$ centers such that (a) the objective is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Maryam Negahbani

The $k$-center problem requires the selection of $k$ points (centers) from a given metric pointset $W$ so to minimize the maximum distance of any point of $W$ from the closest center. This paper focuses on a fair variant of the problem,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Matteo Ceccarello , Andrea Pietracaprina , Geppino Pucci , Francesco Visonà

Center-based clustering techniques are fundamental in some areas of machine learning such as data summarization. Generic $k$-center algorithms can produce biased cluster representatives so there has been a recent interest in fair $k$-center…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinxiang Gan , Mordecai Golin , Zonghan Yang , Yuhao Zhang

Traditionally, clustering algorithms focus on partitioning the data into groups of similar instances. The similarity objective, however, is not sufficient in applications where a fair-representation of the groups in terms of protected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Tai Le Quy , Arjun Roy , Gunnar Friege , Eirini Ntoutsi

The problem of constrained $k$-center clustering has attracted significant attention in the past decades. In this paper, we study balanced $k$-center cluster where the size of each cluster is constrained by the given lower and upper bounds.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Hu Ding

When selecting locations for a set of facilities, standard clustering algorithms may place unfair burden on some individuals and neighborhoods. We formulate a fairness concept that takes local population densities into account. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Neil Lutz

The advent of ML-driven decision-making and policy formation has led to an increasing focus on algorithmic fairness. As clustering is one of the most commonly used unsupervised machine learning approaches, there has naturally been a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Abhisek Chakraborty , Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati

Consensus clustering seeks to combine multiple clusterings of the same dataset, potentially derived by considering various non-sensitive attributes by different agents in a multi-agent environment, into a single partitioning that best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Diptarka Chakraborty , Kushagra Chatterjee , Debarati Das , Tien-Long Nguyen

Kernel-based clustering algorithms have the ability to capture the non-linear structure in real world data. Among various kernel-based clustering algorithms, kernel k-means has gained popularity due to its simple iterative nature and ease…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Radha Chitta , Rong Jin , Timothy C. Havens , Anil K. Jain

We study approximation algorithms for the socially fair $(\ell_p, k)$-clustering problem with $m$ groups, whose special cases include the socially fair $k$-median ($p=1$) and socially fair $k$-means ($p=2$) problems. We present (1) a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Mehrdad Ghadiri , Mohit Singh , Santosh S. Vempala

Fair clustering has become a socially significant task with the advancement of machine learning technologies and the growing demand for trustworthy AI. Group fairness ensures that the proportions of each sensitive group are similar in all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Jihu Lee , Kunwoong Kim , Yongdai Kim

The clustering problem, in its many variants, has numerous applications in operations research and computer science (e.g., in applications in bioinformatics, image processing, social network analysis, etc.). As sizes of data sets have grown…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Tanmay Inamdar , Shreyas Pai , Sriram V. Pemmaraju

The fairness of clustering algorithms has gained widespread attention across various areas, including machine learning, In this paper, we study fair $k$-means clustering in Euclidean space. Given a dataset comprising several groups, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shihong Song , Guanlin Mo , Qingyuan Yang , Hu Ding

As machine learning has become more prevalent, researchers have begun to recognize the necessity of ensuring machine learning systems are fair. Recently, there has been an interest in defining a notion of fairness that mitigates…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Sara Ahmadian , Alessandro Epasto , Marina Knittel , Ravi Kumar , Mohammad Mahdian , Benjamin Moseley , Philip Pham , Sergei Vassilvitskii , Yuyan Wang

In this work, we study the socially fair $k$-median/$k$-means problem. We are given a set of points $P$ in a metric space $\mathcal{X}$ with a distance function $d(.,.)$. There are $\ell$ groups: $P_1,\dotsc,P_{\ell} \subseteq P$. We are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Dishant Goyal , Ragesh Jaiswal