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State-space models (SSMs) are powerful probabilistic tools for modeling time-varying systems with latent dynamics. Inference in SSMs involves the estimation of latent states and parameters. In this work, we focus on parameter inference,…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-22 Kostas Tsampourakis , Víctor Elvira

This work analyses the text memorization behavior of large language models (LLMs) when subjected to nucleus sampling. Stochastic decoding methods like nucleus sampling are typically applied to overcome issues such as monotonous and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Luka Borec , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Adaptive sampling results in dramatic improvements in the recovery of sparse signals in white Gaussian noise. A sequential adaptive sampling-and-refinement procedure called Distilled Sensing (DS) is proposed and analyzed. DS is a form of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-05-31 Jarvis Haupt , Rui Castro , Robert Nowak

Deep Gaussian processes provide a flexible approach to probabilistic modelling of data using either supervised or unsupervised learning. For tractable inference approximations to the marginal likelihood of the model must be made. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-04 James Hensman , Neil D. Lawrence

We introduce the concept of structured synthesis for Markov decision processes where the structure is induced from finitely many pre-specified options for a system configuration. The resulting synthesis problem is in general a nonlinear…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Nils Jansen , Laura Humphrey , Jana Tumova , Ufuk Topcu

We introduce a set of resampling-based methods for quantifying uncertainty and statistical precision of evaluation metrics in multilingual and/or multitask NLP benchmarks. We show how experimental variation in performance scores arises from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jonne Sälevä , Duygu Ataman , Constantine Lignos

As in other estimation scenarios, likelihood based estimation in the normal mixture set-up is highly non-robust against model misspecification and presence of outliers (apart from being an ill-posed optimization problem). A robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-20 Soumya Chakraborty , Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh

Spatial range joins have many applications, including geographic information systems, location-based social networking services, neuroscience, and visualization. However, joins incur not only expensive computational costs but also too large…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Daichi Amagata

The set of nonnegative integer lattice points in a polytope, also known as the fiber of a linear map, makes an appearance in several applications including optimization and statistics. We address the problem of sampling from this set using…

Computation · Statistics 2024-07-24 Miles Bakenhus , Sonja Petrović

We describe a method to explore the configurational phase space of chemical systems. It is based on the nested sampling algorithm recently proposed by Skilling [Skilling J. (2004) In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 735, p. 395.; Skilling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-07-08 Livia B. Pártay , Albert P. Bartók , Gábor Csányi

The marginal likelihood, or evidence, plays a central role in Bayesian model selection, yet remains notoriously challenging to compute in likelihood-free settings. While Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) techniques such as Sequential Neural…

Computation · Statistics 2025-07-14 Paul Bastide , Arnaud Estoup , Jean-Michel Marin , Julien Stoehr

To avoid ineffective collisions between the equilibrium states, the hybrid method with deviational particles (HDP) has been proposed to integrate the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau system, while leaving a new issue in sampling deviational particles…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Zhengyang Lei , Sihong Shao

Bayesian analysis plays a crucial role in estimating distribution of unknown parameters for given data and model. Due to the curse of dimensionality, it becomes difficult for high-dimensional problems, especially when multiple modes exist.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Zihan Liao , Binbin Li , Hua-Ping Wan

The EM algorithm is a widely used methodology for penalized likelihood estimation. Provable monotonicity and convergence are the hallmarks of the EM algorithm and these properties are well established for smooth likelihood and smooth…

Computation · Statistics 2011-06-02 Stéphane Chrétien , Alfred Hero , Hervé Perdry

We analyze a batched variant of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with weighted sampling distribution for smooth and non-smooth objective functions. We show that by distributing the batches computationally, a significant speedup in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Deanna Needell , Rachel Ward

Modern biotechnologies often result in high-dimensional data sets with much more variables than observations (n $\ll$ p). These data sets pose new challenges to statistical analysis: Variable selection becomes one of the most important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-06 Benjamin Hofner , Luigi Boccuto , Markus Göker

Prior information often takes the form of parameter constraints. Bayesian methods include such information through prior distributions having constrained support. By using posterior sampling algorithms, one can quantify uncertainty without…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-25 Leo L Duan , Alexander L Young , Akihiko Nishimura , David B Dunson

I show how Markov chain sampling with the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm can be modified so as to take bigger steps when the distribution being sampled from has the characteristic that its density can be quickly recomputed for a new point if…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Radford M. Neal

The normalizing constant plays an important role in Bayesian computation, and there is a large literature on methods for computing or approximating normalizing constants that cannot be evaluated in closed form. When the normalizing constant…

Computation · Statistics 2020-09-02 Yuling Yao , Collin Cademartori , Aki Vehtari , Andrew Gelman

This paper develops a Bayesian computational platform at the interface between posterior sampling and optimization in models whose marginal likelihoods are difficult to evaluate. Inspired by adversarial optimization, namely Generative…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Tetsuya Kaji , Veronika Rockova