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Starting from a new principle inspired by quantum tomography rather than from Born's rule, this paper gives a self-contained deductive approach to quantum mechanics and quantum measurement. A suggestive notion for what constitutes a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Arnold Neumaier

Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yang Zhengning , Shihao Ru , Lianzhen Cao , Nikolay Zheludev , Weibo Gao

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

We present a general formalism for charecterizing 2-time quantum states, describing pre- and post-selected quantum systems. The most general 2-time state is characterized by a `density vector' that is independent of measurements performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-30 Ralph Silva , Yelena Guryanova , Nicolas Brunner , Noah Linden , Anthony J. Short , Sandu Popescu

State of a $d$-dimensional quantum system can only be inferred by performing an informationally complete measurement with $m\geqslant d^2$ outcomes. However, an experimentally accessible measurement can be informationally incomplete. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-18 V. A. Zhuravlev , S. N. Filippov

Quantum state tomography is the experimental procedure of determining an unknown state. It is not only essential for the verification of resources and processors of quantum information but is also important in its own right with regard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Mahn-Soo Choi

Extracting information from quantum devices has long been a crucial problem in the field of quantum mechanics. By performing elaborate measurements, quantum state tomography, an important and fundamental tool in quantum science and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Yu Wang , Keren Li

Quantum state tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system by appropriate measurements. Since the frequency distributions of the outcomes of any finite number of measurements will generally deviate from their asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-08 Matthias Christandl , Renato Renner

Given the state of a quantum system, one can calculate the expectation value of any observable of the system. However, the inverse problem of determining the state by performing different measurements is not a trivial task. In various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Bahar Mehmani , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

In this article, we introduce a framework for entanglement characterization by time-resolved single-photon counting with measurement operators defined in the time domain. For a quantum system with unitary dynamics, we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Artur Czerwinski

Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are the basis of the ongoing revolution in capturing at the atomic level of detail the structural dynamics of molecules. However, most experiments employ the classical…

Characterizing complex quantum systems is a vital task in quantum information science. Quantum tomography, the standard tool used for this purpose, uses a well-designed measurement record to reconstruct quantum states and processes. It is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Amir Kalev , Robert L. Kosut , Ivan H. Deutsch

The process of cavity mode quantum state photodetection subject to a nonideal measurement device is under consideration. A set of nonorthogonal probabilistic operator valued measures (POVMs) describing the photodetection process is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Alexander Trifanov , George Miroshnichenko

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

The objective of this work is to develop a recursive, discrete time quantum filtering equation for a system that interacts with a probe, on which measurements are performed according to the Positive Operator Valued Measures (POVMs)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Ram A. Somaraju , Alain Sarlette , Hugo Thienpont

Reconstructing quantum states from measurement data represents a formidable challenge in quantum information science, especially as system sizes grow beyond the reach of traditional tomography methods. While recent studies have explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Shabnam Jabeen , Dmytro Kurdydyk , Aadi Palnitkar , Mihir Talati , Jeffrey Yan , Jinghong Yang

We define a complete measurement of a quantum observable (POVM) as a measurement of the maximally refined version of the POVM. Complete measurements give information from the multiplicities of the measurement outcomes and can be viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Juha-Pekka Pellonpää

What knowledge can be obtained from the record of a continuous measurement about the quantum state the measured system was in at the beginning of the measurement? The task of quantum state retrodiction, the inverse of the more common state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Jonas Lammers , Klemens Hammerer

Quantum state tomography is an elementary tool to fully characterize an unknown quantum state. As the quantum hardware scales up in size, the standard quantum state tomography becomes increasingly challenging due to its exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Lu Zhong , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

We study quantum tomography based on a stochastic continuous-time measurement record obtained from a probe field collectively interacting with an ensemble of identically prepared systems. In comparison to previous studies, we consider here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-01 Robert L. Cook , Carlos A. Riofrío , Ivan H. Deutsch