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The widespread adoption of deep learning models in computer vision has intensified concerns about interpretability. Despite strong performance, these models are often treated as black boxes, with limited systematic investigation of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Diego Marcos

Interpretability is central to trustworthy machine learning, yet existing metrics rarely quantify how effectively data support an interpretive representation. We propose Interpretive Efficiency, a normalized, task-aware functional that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ronald Katende

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, the need for interpretability has grown to meet strict regulatory and accountability constraints. Despite this interest, systematic evaluations of inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Mattia Billa , Giovanni Orlandi , Veronica Guidetti , Federica Mandreoli

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Isaac Lage , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Menaka Narayanan , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

Embracing the pursuit of intrinsically explainable reinforcement learning raises crucial questions: what distinguishes explainability from interpretability? Should explainable and interpretable agents be developed outside of domains where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Hector Kohler , Quentin Delfosse , Paul Festor , Philippe Preux

Reinforcement learning can provide effective reasoning for sequential decision-making problems with variable dynamics. Such reasoning in practical implementation, however, poses a persistent challenge in interpreting the reward function and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yanran Wang , Qiuchen Qian , David Boyle

Model interpretations are often used in practice to extract real world insights from machine learning models. These interpretations have a wide range of applications; they can be presented as business recommendations or used to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Brian Liu , Madeleine Udell

Using theory and experiments, this paper shows that the difficulty of making tradeoffs offers a parsimonious explanation for a wide range of behavioral phenomena. We develop a model of imprecise comparisons applicable to multiattribute,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Cassidy Shubatt , Jeffrey Yang

Machine-learning-based entity resolution has been widely studied. However, some entity pairs may be mislabeled by machine learning models and existing studies do not study the risk analysis problem -- predicting and interpreting which…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Zhaoqiang Chen , Qun Chen , Boyi Hou , Tianyi Duan , Zhanhuai Li , Guoliang Li

An important factor in the practical implementation of optimization models is the acceptance by the intended users. This is influenced among other factors by the interpretability of the solution process. Decision rules that meet this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch , Sebastian Merten

Interpretable machine learning has become a strong competitor for traditional black-box models. However, the possible loss of the predictive performance for gaining interpretability is often inevitable, putting practitioners in a dilemma of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Tong Wang , Qihang Lin

Improving the interpretability of brain decoding approaches is of primary interest in many neuroimaging studies. Despite extensive studies of this type, at present, there is no formal definition for interpretability of brain decoding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Seyed Mostafa Kia , Andrea Passerini

There is a broad consensus on the importance of deep learning models in tasks involving complex data. Often, an adequate understanding of these models is required when focusing on the transparency of decisions in human-critical…

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain neural model behaviour by reverse-engineering learned computational structure into human-understandable components. Without a formal framework, however, mechanistic explanations cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ward Gauderis , Thomas Dooms , Steven T. Holmer , Kola Ayonrinde , Geraint A. Wiggins

We outline a method to estimate the value of computation for a flexible algorithm using empirical data. To determine a reasonable trade-off between cost and value, we build an empirical model of the value obtained through computation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Michael C. Horsch , David L. Poole

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Interpretability of AI models allows for user safety checks to build trust in these models. In particular, decision trees (DTs) provide a global view on the learned model and clearly outlines the role of the features that are critical to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

In the context of post-hoc interpretability, this paper addresses the task of explaining the prediction of a classifier, considering the case where no information is available, neither on the classifier itself, nor on the processed data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-25 Thibault Laugel , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Xavier Renard , Marcin Detyniecki

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

While the interpretability of machine learning models is often equated with their mere syntactic comprehensibility, we think that interpretability goes beyond that, and that human interpretability should also be investigated from the point…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-14 Tomáš Kliegr , Štěpán Bahník , Johannes Fürnkranz