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We present a further theoretical extension to the kinetic theory based formulation of the lattice Boltzmann method of Shan et al (2006). In addition to the higher order projection of the equilibrium distribution function and a sufficiently…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Raoyang Zhang , Xiaowen Shan , Hudong Chen

Thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects play a central role in momentum and energy transport in compressible flows. In conventional BGK kinetic models, the relaxation time $\tau$ is taken as a constant, which neglects the dependence of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-19 Demei Li , Zhongyi He , Huilin Lai , Yanbiao Gan , Hailong Liu , Pengfei Lin

The Boltzmann kinetic equation for low-density granular suspensions under simple shear flow is considered to determine the velocity moments through the fourth degree. The influence of the interstitial gas on solid particles is modeled by a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-09 Rubén Gómez González , Vicente Garzó

A deterministic-stochastic coupling scheme is developed for simulating rarefied gas flows, where the key process is the alternative solving of the macroscopic synthetic equations [Su et al., J. Comput. Phys., 407 (2020) 109245] and the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Liyan Luo , Qi Li , Fei Fei , Lei Wu

In this paper, we consider the capabilities of the Boltzmann equation with the Shakhov and ellipsoidal models for the collision term to capture the characteristics of rarefied gas flows. The benchmark is performed by comparing the results…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-07-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Felix Sharipov , Victor Sofonea

We propose a BGK-type kinetic model for relativistic reactive gas mixtures. This model serves as a computationally tractable yet physically consistent alternative to the corresponding Boltzmann equation. The relaxation operator is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Seung-Yeon Cho , Byung-Hoon Hwang , Myeong-Su Lee , Seok-Bae Yun

Adjoint based shape optimization is a powerful technique in fluid-dynamics optimization, capable of identifying an optimal shape within only dozens of design iterations. However, when extended to rarefied gas flows, the computational cost…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Yanbing Zhang , Ruifeng Yuan , Lei Wu

Deterministic solutions of the Boltzmann equation represent a real challenge due to the enormous computational effort which is required to produce such simulations and often stochastic methods such as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Walter Boscheri , Giacomo Dimarco

Heat-flux boundary conditions are challenging to implement efficiently in rarefied gas flow simulations because the wall-reflected gas temperature and density must be determined dynamically during the computation. This paper aims to tackle…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yanbing Zhang , Ruifeng Yuan , Liyan Luo , Lei Wu

We present a hybrid Boltzmann-BGK model for inert mixtures, where each kind of binary interaction may be described by a classical Boltzmann integral or by a suitable relaxation-type operator. We allow also the possibility of changing the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Marzia Bisi , Maria Groppi , Giorgio Martalò

For the first time, the non-equilibrium time-relaxation kinetic model (NTRKM) is proposed for compressible turbulence modeling on unresolved grids. Within the non-equilibrium time-relaxation framework, NTRKM is extended in the form of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-12-17 Guiyu Cao , Liang Pan , Kun Xu , Minping Wan , Shiyi Chen

A new form of the model collision operator for a Boltzmann gas of hard spheres and Coulomb plasma is derived. One-component and many-component systems are considered. The collision operator proposed takes properly into account the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-09-23 Viacheslav V. Belyi

High temperature gases, for instance in hypersonic reentry flows, show complex phenomena like excitation of rotational and vibrational energy modes, and even chemical reactions. For flows in the continuous regime, simulation codes use…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-03-17 Céline Baranger , Yann Dauvois , Gentien Marois , Jordane Mathé , Julien Mathiaud , Luc Mieussens

Slow flows of a slightly rarefied gas under high thermal stresses are considered. The correct fluid-dynamic description of this class of flows is based on the Kogan--Galkin--Friedlander equations, containing some non-Navier--Stokes terms in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Oleg Rogozin

In this paper we present a novel technique for the simulation of moving boundaries and moving rigid bodies immersed in a rarefied gas using an Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation based on least square method. The rarefied gas is simulated by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-23 Sudarshan Tiwari , Axel Klar , Giovanni Russo

By analogy with the kinetic theory of gases, most turbulence modeling strate- gies rely on an eddy viscosity to model the unresolved turbulent fluctuations. How- ever, the ratio of unresolved to resolved scales - very much like a degree of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-08-24 Marcello Righi

An implicit scheme for steady state solutions of diatomic gas flow is presented. The method solves the Rykov model equation in the finite volume discrete velocity method (DVM) framework, in which the translational and rotational degrees of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Ruifeng Yuan , Chengwen Zhong

This paper presents a highly efficient implicit unified gas-kinetic particle (IUGKP) method for obtaining steady-state solutions of multi-scale phonon transport. The method adapts and reinterprets the integral solution of the BGK equation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Hongyu Liu , Xiaojian Yang , Chuang Zhang , Xing Ji , Kun Xu

We present a kinetic description of Bose-Einstein condensation for particle systems being out of thermal equilibrium, which may happen for gluons produced in the early stage of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The dynamics of bosons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-02 Kai Zhou , Zhe Xu , Pengfei Zhuang , Carsten Greiner

In a recent paper we presented a new ultra efficient numerical method for solving kinetic equations of the Boltzmann type (G. Dimarco, R. Loubere, Towards an ultra efficient kinetic scheme. Part I: basics on the 689 BGK equation, J. Comp.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-12 Giacomo Dimarco , Raphaël Loubere