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Accountability regimes typically encourage record-keeping to enable the transparency that supports oversight, investigation, contestation, and redress. However, implementing such record-keeping can introduce considerations, risks, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shreya Chappidi , Jennifer Cobbe , Chris Norval , Anjali Mazumder , Jatinder Singh

Concerns about the societal impact of AI-based services and systems has encouraged governments and other organisations around the world to propose AI policy frameworks to address fairness, accountability, transparency and related topics. To…

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through the advent of large-scale generative AI (GenAI) models such as Large Language Models (LLMs), has become a transformative element in contemporary technology. While these models have unlocked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Sung Une Lee , Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly inform high-stakes decisions across sectors, transparency has become foundational to responsible and trustworthy AI implementation. Leveraging our role as a leading institute in advancing AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Dhanesh Ramachandram , Himanshu Joshi , Judy Zhu , Dhari Gandhi , Lucas Hartman , Ananya Raval

Today, artificial intelligence systems driven by machine learning algorithms can be in a position to take important, and sometimes legally binding, decisions about our everyday lives. In many cases, however, these systems and their actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kacper Sokol , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Peter Flach

Increased adoption and deployment of machine learning (ML) models into business, healthcare and other organisational processes, will result in a growing disconnect between the engineers and researchers who developed the models and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Iain Barclay , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Dinesh Verma

Ensuring responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) has become imperative as autonomous systems increasingly influence critical societal domains. However, the concept of trustworthy AI remains broad and multi-faceted. This thesis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Filip Cano

AI models and services are used in a growing number of highstakes areas, resulting in a need for increased transparency. Consistent with this, several proposals for higher quality and more consistent documentation of AI data, models, and…

As machine learning is increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts affecting people's livelihoods, there have been growing calls to open the black box and to make machine learning algorithms more explainable. Providing useful explanations…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Umang Bhatt , McKane Andrus , Adrian Weller , Alice Xiang

Accountability aims to provide explanations for why unwanted situations occurred, thus providing means to assign responsibility and liability. As such, accountability has slightly different meanings across the sciences. In computer science,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Severin Kacianka , Florian Kelbert , Alexander Pretschner

To ensure that AI-infused systems work for disabled people, we need to bring accessibility datasets sourced from this community in the development lifecycle. However, there are many ethical and privacy concerns limiting greater data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Rie Kamikubo , Kyungjun Lee , Hernisa Kacorri

While the exact definition and implementation of accountability depend on the specific context, at its core accountability describes a mechanism that will make decisions transparent and often provides means to sanction "bad" decisions. As…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Severin Kacianka , Amjad Ibrahim , Alexander Pretschner

Deep learning models are widely used across computer vision and other domains. When working on the model induction, selecting the right architecture for a given dataset often relies on repetitive trial-and-error procedures. This procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yen-Chia Chen , Hsing-Kuo Pao , Hanjuan Huang

Machine learning (ML) is becoming prevalent in embedded AI sensing systems. These "ML sensors" enable context-sensitive, real-time data collection and decision-making across diverse applications ranging from anomaly detection in industrial…

Increasingly, laws are being proposed and passed by governments around the world to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems implemented into the public and private sectors. Many of these regulations address the transparency of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Andrew Bell , Oded Nov , Julia Stoyanovich

Explainability is important for the transparency of autonomous and intelligent systems and for helping to support the development of appropriate levels of trust. There has been considerable work on developing approaches for explaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Michael Winikoff , John Thangarajah , Sebastian Rodriguez

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

Machine learning's widespread adoption in decision-making processes raises concerns about fairness, particularly regarding the treatment of sensitive features and potential discrimination against minorities. The software engineering…

Demand is growing for more accountability regarding the technological systems that increasingly occupy our world. However, the complexity of many of these systems - often systems-of-systems - poses accountability challenges. A key reason…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Jatinder Singh , Jennifer Cobbe , Chris Norval

Although AI has significant potential to transform society, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions responsibly. Many ethical regulations, principles, and guidelines for responsible AI have been issued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle