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Existing two-sample testing techniques, particularly those based on choosing a kernel for the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), often assume equal sample sizes from the two distributions. Applying these methods in practice can require…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-17 Aaron Wei , Milad Jalali , Danica J. Sutherland

Recent advances in diffusion models have demonstrated their strong capabilities in generating high-fidelity samples from complex distributions through an iterative refinement process. Despite the empirical success of diffusion models in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Chaoyi Pan , Zeji Yi , Guanya Shi , Guannan Qu

The maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is a kernel-based distance between probability distributions useful in many applications (Gretton et al. 2012), bearing a simple estimator with pleasing computational and statistical properties. Being able…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-16 Danica J. Sutherland , Namrata Deka

Meta-analysis aims to combine effect measures from several studies. For continuous outcomes, the most popular effect measures use simple or standardized differences in sample means. However, a number of applications focus on the absolute…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-03 Elena Kulinskaya , David C. Hoaglin

Covariate shifts are a common problem in predictive modeling on real-world problems. This paper proposes addressing the covariate shift problem by minimizing Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistics between the training and test sets in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Liwen Ouyang , Aaron Key

Research in Sports Sciences is supported often by inferences based on the declaration of the value of the statistic statistically significant or nonsignificant on the bases of a P value derived from a null-hypothesis test. Taking into…

Applications · Statistics 2018-02-09 Rui Marcelino , Bruno Natale Pasquarelli , Jaime Sampaio

Model-based testing (MBT) provides an automated approach for finding discrepancies between software models and their implementation. If we want to incorporate MBT into the fast and iterative software development process that is Continuous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-02 P. H. M. van Spaendonck

Several researchers have proposed minimisation of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a method to quantise probability measures, i.e., to approximate a target distribution by a representative point set. We consider sequential algorithms that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-15 Onur Teymur , Jackson Gorham , Marina Riabiz , Chris. J. Oates

Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a widely used concept in machine learning research which has gained popularity in recent years as a highly effective tool for comparing (finite-dimensional) distributions. Since it is designed as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Andrew Alden , Blanka Horvath , Zacharia Issa

The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) has been the state-of-the-art nonparametric test for tackling the two-sample problem. Its statistic is given by the difference in expectations of the witness function, a real-valued function defined as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Jonas M. Kübler , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Bernhard Schölkopf , Krikamol Muandet

High-dimensional tests are applied to find relevant sets of variables and relevant models. If variables are selected by analyzing the sums of products matrices and a corresponding mean-value test is performed, there is the danger that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-10 Juergen Laeuter , Maciej Rosolowski , Ekkehard Glimm

The funnel plot is a graphical visualisation of summary data estimates from a meta-analysis, and is a useful tool for detecting departures from the standard modelling assumptions. Although perhaps not widely appreciated, a simple extension…

Applications · Statistics 2015-08-18 Jack Bowden , Chris Jackson

The standardized mean difference (SMD) is a widely used measure of effect size, particularly common in psychology, clinical trials, and meta-analysis involving continuous outcomes. Traditionally, under the equal variance assumption, the SMD…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-05 Jiandong Shi , Xiaochen Zhang , Lu Lin , Hiu Yee Kwan , Tiejun Tong

There exist some testing procedures based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) to address the challenge of model specification. However, they ignore the presence of estimated parameters in the case of composite null hypotheses. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-10 Florian Brück , Jean-David Fermanian , Aleksey Min

The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is a widely used multivariate distance metric for two-sample testing. The standard MMD test statistic has an intractable null distribution typically requiring costly resampling or permutation approaches…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Anirban Chatterjee , Aaditya Ramdas

The sports betting industry has experienced rapid growth, driven largely by technological advancements and the proliferation of online platforms. Machine learning (ML) has played a pivotal role in the transformation of this sector by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 René Manassé Galekwa , Jean Marie Tshimula , Etienne Gael Tajeuna , Kyamakya Kyandoghere

Deep learning models have seen significant successes in numerous applications, but their inner workings remain elusive. The purpose of this work is to quantify the learning process of deep neural networks through the lens of a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Rayna Andreeva , Katharina Limbeck , Bastian Rieck , Rik Sarkar

Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) has been widely used in the areas of machine learning and statistics to quantify the distance between two distributions in the $p$-dimensional Euclidean space. The asymptotic property of the sample MMD has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Hanjia Gao , Xiaofeng Shao

In the context of a large software testing company, we have deployed the model-based testing (MBT) approach to take the company's test automation practices to higher levels of maturity /and capability. We have chosen, from a set of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Vahid Garousi , Alper Buğra Keleş , Yunus Balaman , Zeynep Özdemir Güler , Andrea Arcuri

Modern recommendation systems rank candidates by aggregating multiple behavioral signals through a value model. However, many commonly used signals are inherently affected by heterogeneous biases. For example, watch time naturally favors…

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