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The use of biometrics to authenticate users and control access to secure areas has become extremely popular in recent years, and biometric access control systems are frequently used by both governments and private corporations. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Justin Spencer , Deborah Lawrence , Prosenjit Chatterjee , Kaushik Roy , Albert Esterline , Jung-Hee Kim

The increased need for unattended authentication in multiple scenarios has motivated a wide deployment of biometric systems in the last few years. This has in turn led to the disclosure of security concerns specifically related to biometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Ruben Tolosana , Marta Gomez-Barrero , Christoph Busch , Javier Ortega-Garcia

Face recognition has evolved as a widely used biometric modality. However, its vulnerability against presentation attacks poses a significant security threat. Though presentation attack detection (PAD) methods try to address this issue,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

An iris biometric system can be compromised by presentation attacks (PAs) where artifacts such as artificial eyes, printed eye images, or cosmetic contact lenses are presented to the system. To counteract this, several presentation attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shivangi Yadav , Arun Ross

The robustness and generalization ability of Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) methods is critical to ensure the security of Face Recognition Systems (FRSs). However, in a real scenario, Presentation Attacks (PAs) are various and it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Wentian Zhang , Haozhe Liu , Feng Liu , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Christoph Busch

Touch-based fingerprint biometrics is one of the most popular biometric modalities with applications in several fields. Problems associated with touch-based techniques such as the presence of latent fingerprints and hygiene issues due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Sandip Purnapatra , Conor Miller-Lynch , Stephen Miner , Yu Liu , Keivan Bahmani , Soumyabrata Dey , Stephanie Schuckers

This paper presents a deep-learning-based method for iris presentation attack detection (PAD) when iris images are obtained from deceased people. Our approach is based on the VGG-16 architecture fine-tuned with a database of 574…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Mateusz Trokielewicz , Adam Czajka , Piotr Maciejewicz

Research in presentation attack detection (PAD) for iris recognition has largely moved beyond evaluation in "closed-set" scenarios, to emphasize ability to generalize to presentation attack types not present in the training data. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Aidan Boyd , Jeremy Speth , Lucas Parzianello , Kevin Bowyer , Adam Czajka

Human perceptual priors have shown promise in saliency-guided deep learning training, particularly in the domain of iris presentation attack detection (PAD). Common saliency approaches include hand annotations obtained via mouse clicks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Byron Dowling , Jacob Piland , Eleanor Frederick , Christopher Sweet , Adam Czajka

Vision foundation models have demonstrated strong transferability across diverse visual recognition tasks and are increasingly considered for biometric applications. Their suitability for iris Presentation Attack Detection (PAD),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Rahul Anand , Siddharth Singh , Dileep A D , Mahadeva Prasanna , Raghavendra Ramachandra

Presentation attacks represent a critical security threat where adversaries use fake biometric data, such as face, fingerprint, or iris images, to gain unauthorized access to protected systems. Various presentation attack detection (PAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Rashik Shadman , M G Sarwar Murshed , Faraz Hussain

Nowadays, the adoption of face recognition for biometric authentication systems is usual, mainly because this is one of the most accessible biometric modalities. Techniques that rely on trespassing these kind of systems by using a forged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Rodrigo Bresan , Allan Pinto , Anderson Rocha , Carlos Beluzo , Tiago Carvalho

Biometric based authentication is currently playing an essential role over conventional authentication system; however, the risk of presentation attacks subsequently rising. Our research aims at identifying the areas where presentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Nyle Siddiqui , Rushit Dave

Face recognition technology has been widely used in daily interactive applications such as checking-in and mobile payment due to its convenience and high accuracy. However, its vulnerability to presentation attacks (PAs) limits its reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Zitong Yu , Chenxu Zhao , Zhen Lei

Iris presentation attack detection (PAD) has achieved great success under intra-domain settings but easily degrades on unseen domains. Conventional domain generalization methods mitigate the gap by learning domain-invariant features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yachun Li , Jingjing Wang , Yuhui Chen , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Facial biometrics are an essential components of smartphones to ensure reliable and trustworthy authentication. However, face biometric systems are vulnerable to Presentation Attacks (PAs), and the availability of more sophisticated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Raghavendra Ramachandra , Narayan Vetrekar , Sushma Venkatesh , Savita Nageshker , Jag Mohan Singh , R. S. Gad

The vulnerabilities of fingerprint authentication systems have raised security concerns when adapting them to highly secure access-control applications. Therefore, Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection (FPAD) methods are essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hailin Li , Raghavendra Ramachandra

With the widespread use of biometric systems, the demographic bias problem raises more attention. Although many studies addressed bias issues in biometric verification, there are no works that analyze the bias in presentation attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Meiling Fang , Naser Damer , Florian Kirchbuchner , Arjan Kuijper

For enterprise, personal and societal applications, there is now an increasing demand for automated authentication of identity from images using computer vision. However, current authentication technologies are still vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Ayush Jaiswal , Shuai Xia , Iacopo Masi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Biometric systems are vulnerable to Presentation Attacks (PA) performed using various Presentation Attack Instruments (PAIs). Even though there are numerous Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) techniques based on both deep learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zhe Kong , Wentian Zhang , Feng Liu , Wenhan Luo , Haozhe Liu , Linlin Shen , Raghavendra Ramachandra