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Probabilistic mixture models are recognized as effective tools for unsupervised outlier detection owing to their interpretability and global characteristics. Among these, Dirichlet process mixture models stand out as a strong alternative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Dongwook Kim , Juyeon Park , Hee Cheol Chung , Seonghyun Jeong

This note investigates the problem of detecting outliers in longitudinal data. It compares well-known methods used in official statistics with proposals from the fields of data mining and machine learning that are based on the distance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Marcello D'Orazio

Deep Generative Models (DGMs) are versatile tools for learning data representations while adequately incorporating domain knowledge such as the specification of conditional probability distributions. Recently proposed DGMs tackle the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Romain Lopez , Jan-Christian Huetter , Ehsan Hajiramezanali , Jonathan Pritchard , Aviv Regev

Outlier detection has received special attention in various fields, mainly for those dealing with machine learning and artificial intelligence. As strong outliers, anomalies are divided into the point, contextual and collective outliers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Rasoul Kiani , Amin Keshavarzi , Mahdi Bohlouli

The development of effective knowledge discovery techniques has become in the recent few years a very active research area due to the important impact it has in several relevant application areas. One interesting task thereof is that of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Fabrizio Angiulli , Gianluigi Greco , Luigi Palopoli

Out-of-Distribution detection between dataset pairs has been extensively explored with generative models. We show that likelihood-based Out-of-Distribution detection can be extended to diffusion models by leveraging the fact that they, like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Joseph Goodier , Neill D. F. Campbell

We introduce and develop a novel approach to outlier detection based on adaptation of random subspace learning. Our proposed method handles both high-dimension low-sample size and traditional low-dimensional high-sample size datasets.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-05 Bohan Liu , Ernest Fokoue

We propose a new assumption in outlier detection: Normal data instances are commonly located in the area that there is hardly any fluctuation on data density, while outliers are often appeared in the area that there is violent fluctuation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Ding Liu , Hui Li

Machine learning models encounter Out-of-Distribution (OoD) errors when the data seen at test time are generated from a different stochastic generator than the one used to generate the training data. One proposal to scale OoD detection to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-27 Hyunsun Choi , Eric Jang , Alexander A. Alemi

Anomaly detection is to recognize samples that differ in some respect from the training observations. These samples which do not conform to the distribution of normal data are called outliers or anomalies. In real-world anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

Outlier detection aims to identify unusual data instances that deviate from expected patterns. The outlier detection is particularly challenging when outliers are context dependent and when they are defined by unusual combinations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-18 Charmgil Hong , Milos Hauskrecht

A fundamental challenge confronting supervised graph outlier detection algorithms is the prevalent problem of class imbalance, where the scarcity of outlier instances compared to normal instances often results in suboptimal performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kay Liu , Hengrui Zhang , Ziqing Hu , Fangxin Wang , Philip S. Yu

Deep generative models are challenging the classical methods in the field of anomaly detection nowadays. Every new method provides evidence of outperforming its predecessors, often with contradictory results. The objective of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Vít Škvára , Jan Franců , Matěj Zorek , Tomáš Pevný , Václav Šmídl

Although deep neural networks are effective on supervised learning tasks, they have been shown to be brittle. They are prone to overfitting on their training distribution and are easily fooled by small adversarial perturbations. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Laëtitia Shao , Yang Song , Stefano Ermon

Outliers are ubiquitous in modern data sets. Distance-based techniques are a popular non-parametric approach to outlier detection as they require no prior assumptions on the data generating distribution and are simple to implement. Scaling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-04 Mario Lucic , Olivier Bachem , Andreas Krause

In this paper, we address the problem of how to robustly train a ConvNet for regression, or deep robust regression. Traditionally, deep regression employs the L2 loss function, known to be sensitive to outliers, i.e. samples that either lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Stéphane Lathuilière , Pablo Mesejo , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Radu Horaud

Benchmarking unsupervised outlier detection is difficult. Outliers are rare, and existing benchmark data contains outliers with various and unknown characteristics. Fully synthetic data usually consists of outliers and regular instance with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Georg Steinbuss , Klemens Böhm

Do expert-defined or diagnostically-labeled data groups align with clusters inferred through statistical modeling? If not, where do discrepancies between predefined labels and model-based groupings occur and why? In this work, we introduce…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-18 Patricia Puchhammer , Ines Wilms , Peter Filzmoser

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

We introduce an online outlier detection algorithm to detect outliers in a sequentially observed data stream. For this purpose, we use a two-stage filtering and hedging approach. In the first stage, we construct a multi-modal probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Mohammadreza Mohaghegh Neyshabouri , Suleyman Serdar Kozat