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While Einstein was guided by the principle of general covariance in formulating general relativity, Kretschmann later argued that this principle lacks physical significance, since any space-time theory can be reformulated in a generally…
Treating the two-dimensional Minkowski space as a Wick rotated version of the complex plane, we characterize the causal automorphisms in two-dimensional Minkowski space as the M\"{a}rzke-Wheeler maps of a certain class of observers. We also…
Rule-based models, such as decision trees, appeal to practitioners due to their interpretable nature. However, the learning algorithms that produce such models are often vulnerable to spurious associations and thus, they are not guaranteed…
We construct higher-order curvature invariants in causal set quantum gravity. The motivation for this work is twofold: first, to characterize causal sets, discrete operators that encode geometric information on the emergent spacetime…
This paper focuses on systems of nonlinear second-order stochastic differential equations with multi-scales. The motivation for our study stems from mathematical physics and statistical mechanics, for examples, Langevin dynamics and…
The ideas of spacetime discreteness and causality are important in several of the popular approaches to quantum gravity. But if discreteness is accepted as an initial assumption, conflict with Lorentz invariance can be a consequence. The…
At first we introduce an action for the string, which leads to a worldsheet that always is curved. For this action we study the Poincar\'e symmetry and the associated conserved currents. Then, a generalization of the above action, which…
We study dimensionally restricted non-perturbative causal set quantum dynamics in $2$ and $3$ spacetime dimensions with non-trivial global spatial topology. The causal set sample space is generated from causal embeddings into spacetime…
Aleksandrov, and then Zeeman, showed that the causal relations among the set of points in a Minkowski space of dimension greater than 2 determine the Minkowski space structure of the set up to a global conformal factor. We show that in any…
Causal structures give us a way to understand the origin of observed correlations. These were developed for classical scenarios, but quantum mechanical experiments necessitate their generalisation. Here we study causal structures in a broad…
One of approaches to quantum gravity is different models of a discrete pregeometry. An example of a discrete pregeometry on a microscopic scale is introduced. This is the particular case of a causal set. The causal set is a locally finite…
We introduce action-driven flows for causal variational principles, being a class of non-convex variational problems emanating from applications in fundamental physics. In the compact setting, H\"older continuous curves of measures are…
We generalize the worldline variational approach to field theory by introducing a trial action which allows for anisotropic terms to be induced by external 4-momenta of Green's functions. By solving the ensuing variational equations…
Motivated by recent developments in Hamiltonian variational principles, Hamiltonian variational integrators, and their applications such as to optimization and control, we present a new Type II variational approach for Hamiltonian systems,…
This paper is aimed at a (mostly) pedagogical exposition of the derivation of the motion equations of certain modifications of general relativity. Here we derive in all detail the motion equations in the Brans-Dicke theory with the cubic…
We will discuss two approaches to estimating partial derivatives and the metric components; one utilizing past work describing a causal set $\Box$ operator, and one using a construction from linear algebra called the Moore-Penrose inverse.…
Containers conveniently represent a wide class of inductive data types. Their derivatives compute representations of types of one-hole contexts, useful for implementing tree-traversal algorithms. In the category of containers and cartesian…
We study the problem of deriving policies, or rules, that when enacted on a complex system, cause a desired outcome. Absent the ability to perform controlled experiments, such rules have to be inferred from past observations of the system's…
We present a deformation of the action principle for a free tensor field of mixed symmetry (2,1) --the Curtright action, a dual formulation of five-dimensional linearized gravity. It is constructed as the dual theory of the Einstein-Hilbert…
A method for designing variational principles for the dynamics of a possibly dissipative and non-conservatively forced chain of particles is demonstrated. Some qualitative features of the formulation are discussed.