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Randomness is an intrinsic feature of quantum theory. The outcome of any quantum measurement will be random, sampled from a probability distribution that is defined by the measured quantum state. The task of sampling from a prescribed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-19 Dominik Hangleiter

We are interested in testing properties of distributions with systematically mislabeled samples. Our goal is to make decisions about unknown probability distributions, using a sample that has been collected by a confused collector, such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Nathaniel Harms

In classic distributed graph problems, each instance on a graph specifies a space of feasible solutions (e.g. all proper ($\Delta+1$)-list-colorings of the graph), and the task of distributed algorithm is to construct a feasible solution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Weiming Feng , Yitong Yin

We consider the problem of constructing exact goodness-of-fit tests for discrete exponential family models. This classical problem remains practically unsolved for many types of structured or sparse data, as it rests on a computationally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-31 Ivan Gvozdanović , Sonja Petrović

Given a linear dynamical system, we consider the problem of constructing an approximate system using only a subset of the sensors out of the total set such that the observability Gramian of the new system is approximately equal to that of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Shaunak D. Bopardikar

Applying deep learning to solve real-life instances of hard combinatorial problems has tremendous potential. Research in this direction has focused on the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem, both because of its theoretical centrality and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Dimitris Achlioptas , Amrit Daswaney , Periklis A. Papakonstantinou

This work focuses on effectively generating diverse solutions for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas, targeting the theories of bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions, which is a critical task in software and hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuangyu Lyu , Chuan Luo , Ruizhi Shi , Wei Wu , Chanjuan Liu , Chunming Hu

We provide another look at the statistical calibration problem in computer models. This viewpoint is inspired by two overarching practical considerations of computer models: (i) many computer models are inadequate for perfectly modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-26 Xiaowu Dai , Peter Chien

We consider the problems of weighted constrained sampling and weighted model counting, where we are given a propositional formula and a weight for each world. The first problem consists of sampling worlds with a probability proportional to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Fabrizio Riguzzi

In a sampling problem, we are given an input x, and asked to sample approximately from a probability distribution D_x. In a search problem, we are given an input x, and asked to find a member of a nonempty set A_x with high probability. (An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-28 Scott Aaronson

Machine learning models are often deployed in different settings than they were trained and validated on, posing a challenge to practitioners who wish to predict how well the deployed model will perform on a target distribution. If an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Mayee Chen , Karan Goel , Nimit S. Sohoni , Fait Poms , Kayvon Fatahalian , Christopher Ré

Suppose an $n \times d$ design matrix in a linear regression problem is given, but the response for each point is hidden unless explicitly requested. The goal is to sample only a small number $k \ll n$ of the responses, and then produce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Michał Dereziński , Manfred K. Warmuth , Daniel Hsu

Assessing the capabilities and risks of frontier AI systems is a critical area of research, and recent work has shown that repeated sampling from models can dramatically increase both. For instance, repeated sampling has been shown to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Joshua Kazdan , Rylan Schaeffer , Youssef Allouah , Colin Sullivan , Kyssen Yu , Noam Levi , Sanmi Koyejo

Reachability analysis is at the core of many applications, from neural network verification, to safe trajectory planning of uncertain systems. However, this problem is notoriously challenging, and current approaches tend to be either too…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Thomas Lew , Marco Pavone

As the size of quantum devices continues to grow, the development of scalable methods to characterise and diagnose noise is becoming an increasingly important problem. Recent methods have shown how to efficiently estimate Hamiltonians in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 Tim J. Evans , Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

We consider the problem of closeness testing for two discrete distributions in the practically relevant setting of \emph{unequal} sized samples drawn from each of them. Specifically, given a target error parameter $\varepsilon > 0$, $m_1$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya , Gregory Valiant

We revisit the range sampling problem: the input is a set of points where each point is associated with a real-valued weight. The goal is to store them in a structure such that given a query range and an integer $k$, we can extract $k$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Peyman Afshani , Jeff M. Phillips

This paper reconsiders the problem of testing the equality of two unspecified continuous distributions. The framework, which we propose, allows for readable and insightful data visualisation and helps to understand and quantify how two…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-04 Bogdan Ćmiel , Teresa Ledwina

Randomized algorithms depend on accurate sampling from probability distributions, as their correctness and performance hinge on the quality of the generated samples. However, even for common distributions like Binomial, exact sampling is…

Computation · Statistics 2025-06-17 Uddalok Sarkar , Sourav Chakraborty , Kuldeep S. Meel

A remarkable recent paper by Rubinfeld and Vasilyan (2022) initiated the study of \emph{testable learning}, where the goal is to replace hard-to-verify distributional assumptions (such as Gaussianity) with efficiently testable ones and to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Aravind Gollakota , Adam R. Klivans , Pravesh K. Kothari
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