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As the volume of digital image data increases, the effectiveness of image classification intensifies. This study introduces a robust multi-label classification system designed to assign multiple labels to a single image, addressing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Haixu Liu , Penghao Jiang , Zerui Tao

Machine learning approaches to multi-label document classification have to date largely relied on discriminative modeling techniques such as support vector machines. A drawback of these approaches is that performance rapidly drops off as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-11-11 Timothy N. Rubin , America Chambers , Padhraic Smyth , Mark Steyvers

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Muberra Ozmen , Joseph Cotnareanu , Mark Coates

Given the large size and volumes of contracts and their underlying inherent complexity, manual reviews become inefficient and prone to errors, creating a clear need for automation. Automatic Legal Contract Classification (LCC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Amrita Singh , Aditya Joshi , Jiaojiao Jiang , Hye-young Paik

This study proposes a text classification algorithm based on large language models, aiming to address the limitations of traditional methods in capturing long-range dependencies, understanding contextual semantics, and handling class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ning Lyu , Yuxi Wang , Feng Chen , Qingyuan Zhang

This study investigates the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of legal multi-label text classification tasks, where legal concepts evolve over time. Existing models often overlook the temporal dimension in their training process,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 T. Y. S. S Santosh , Tuan-Quang Vuong , Matthias Grabmair

A legal document is usually long and dense requiring human effort to parse it. It also contains significant amounts of jargon which make deriving insights from it using existing models a poor approach. This paper presents the approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Anshika Gupta , Shaz Furniturewala , Vijay Kumari , Yashvardhan Sharma

Multi-label classification is a common supervised machine learning problem where each instance is associated with multiple classes. The key challenge in this problem is learning the correlations between the classes. An additional challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Divya Padmanabhan , Satyanath Bhat , Shirish Shevade , Y. Narahari

In this work, we formulate \textbf{T}ext \textbf{C}lassification as a \textbf{M}atching problem between the text and the labels, and propose a simple yet effective framework named TCM. Compared with previous text classification approaches,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yi Song , Yuxian Gu , Minlie Huang

Multi-label classification is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing. It is more complex than single-label classification in that the labels tend to be correlated. Existing methods tend to ignore the correlations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Pengcheng Yang , Xu Sun , Wei Li , Shuming Ma , Wei Wu , Houfeng Wang

In recent years,the entire field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has enjoyed amazing novel results achieving almost human-like performance on a variety of tasks. Legal NLP domain has also been part of this process, as it has seen an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mihai Masala , Traian Rebedea , Horia Velicu

In recent years, deep neural network is widely used in machine learning. The multi-class classification problem is a class of important problem in machine learning. However, in order to solve those types of multi-class classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Qizhi Zhang , Kuang-Chih Lee , Hongying Bao , Yuan You , Wenjie Li , Dongbai Guo

Several methods have been proposed for classifying long textual documents using Transformers. However, there is a lack of consensus on a benchmark to enable a fair comparison among different approaches. In this paper, we provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Hyunji Hayley Park , Yogarshi Vyas , Kashif Shah

This paper introduces a novel approach for identifying the possible large language models (LLMs) involved in text generation. Instead of adding an additional classification layer to a base LM, we reframe the classification task as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yutian Chen , Hao Kang , Vivian Zhai , Liangze Li , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Hierarchical multi-label text classification aims to classify the input text into multiple labels, among which the labels are structured and hierarchical. It is a vital task in many real world applications, e.g. scientific literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Rundong Liu , Wenhan Liang , Weijun Luo , Yuxiang Song , He Zhang , Ruohua Xu , Yunfeng Li , Ming Liu

Recent strides in Large Language Models (LLMs) have saturated many Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks, emphasizing the need for more challenging ones to properly assess LLM capabilities. However, domain-specific and multilingual…

Multi-label text classification is a challenging task because it requires capturing label dependencies. It becomes even more challenging when class distribution is long-tailed. Resampling and re-weighting are common approaches used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yi Huang , Buse Giledereli , Abdullatif Köksal , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli

Current text classification methods typically require a good number of human-labeled documents as training data, which can be costly and difficult to obtain in real applications. Humans can perform classification without seeing any labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Yu Meng , Yunyi Zhang , Jiaxin Huang , Chenyan Xiong , Heng Ji , Chao Zhang , Jiawei Han

Machine learning models for text classification are trained to predict a class for a given text. To do this, training and validation samples must be prepared: a set of texts is collected, and each text is assigned a class. These classes are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksandr Tsymbalov , Mikhail Khovrichev

The demand for text classification is growing significantly in web searching, data mining, web ranking, recommendation systems, and so many other fields of information and technology. This paper illustrates the text classification process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sadia Zaman Mishu , S M Rafiuddin