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Cross-lingual transfer is central to modern NLP, enabling models to perform tasks in languages different from those they were trained on. A common assumption is that training on more languages improves zero-shot transfer. We test this on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Roksana Goworek , Haim Dubossarsky

The performance of multilingual pretrained models is highly dependent on the availability of monolingual or parallel text present in a target language. Thus, the majority of the world's languages cannot benefit from recent progress in NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Xinyi Wang , Sebastian Ruder , Graham Neubig

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Multilingual pretrained language models (such as multilingual BERT) have achieved impressive results for cross-lingual transfer. However, due to the constant model capacity, multilingual pre-training usually lags behind the monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang

Pretrained multilingual models have become a de facto default approach for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. Previous work has shown that these models are able to achieve cross-lingual representations when pretrained on two or more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Leandro Rodrigues de Souza , Rodrigo Nogueira , Roberto Lotufo

Transfer learning has led to large gains in performance for nearly all NLP tasks while making downstream models easier and faster to train. This has also been extended to low-resourced languages, with some success. We investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Michael Beukman , Manuel Fokam

Multilingual Language Models offer a way to incorporate multiple languages in one model and utilize cross-language transfer learning to improve performance for different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Hellina Hailu Nigatu , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Jugal Kalita

Multilingual machine translation systems aim to make knowledge accessible across languages, yet learning effective cross-lingual representations remains challenging. These challenges are especially pronounced for low-resource languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 David Stap

Multi-lingual language models (LM), such as mBERT, XLM-R, mT5, mBART, have been remarkably successful in enabling natural language tasks in low-resource languages through cross-lingual transfer from high-resource ones. In this work, we try…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Benjamin Muller , Deepanshu Gupta , Siddharth Patwardhan , Jean-Philippe Fauconnier , David Vandyke , Sachin Agarwal

Multilingual pre-trained language models (MPLMs) not only can handle tasks in different languages but also exhibit surprising zero-shot cross-lingual transferability. However, MPLMs usually are not able to achieve comparable supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Ziqing Yang , Yiming Cui , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang

Transfer learning, where a model is first pre-trained on a data-rich task before being fine-tuned on a downstream task, has emerged as a powerful technique in natural language processing (NLP). The effectiveness of transfer learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Colin Raffel , Noam Shazeer , Adam Roberts , Katherine Lee , Sharan Narang , Michael Matena , Yanqi Zhou , Wei Li , Peter J. Liu

Learning what to share between tasks has been a topic of great importance recently, as strategic sharing of knowledge has been shown to improve downstream task performance. This is particularly important for multilingual applications, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Farhad Nooralahzadeh , Giannis Bekoulis , Johannes Bjerva , Isabelle Augenstein

Massively multilingual transformers pretrained with language modeling objectives (e.g., mBERT, XLM-R) have become a de facto default transfer paradigm for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in NLP, offering unmatched transfer performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Anne Lauscher , Vinit Ravishankar , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

Cross-lingual transfer, where a high-resource transfer language is used to improve the accuracy of a low-resource task language, is now an invaluable tool for improving performance of natural language processing (NLP) on low-resource…

Transfer learning is a vital technique that generalizes models trained for one setting or task to other settings or tasks. For example in speech recognition, an acoustic model trained for one language can be used to recognize speech in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Dong Wang , Thomas Fang Zheng

Building natural language processing systems for non standardized and low resource languages is a difficult challenge. The recent success of large-scale multilingual pretrained language models provides new modeling tools to tackle this. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Benjamin Muller , Benoit Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Pretrained multilingual contextual representations have shown great success, but due to the limits of their pretraining data, their benefits do not apply equally to all language varieties. This presents a challenge for language varieties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ethan C. Chau , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

Transfer learning or multilingual model is essential for low-resource neural machine translation (NMT), but the applicability is limited to cognate languages by sharing their vocabularies. This paper shows effective techniques to transfer a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Yunsu Kim , Yingbo Gao , Hermann Ney

Multilingual models have been widely used for cross-lingual transfer to low-resource languages. However, the performance on these languages is hindered by their underrepresentation in the pretraining data. To alleviate this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tomasz Limisiewicz , Dan Malkin , Gabriel Stanovsky