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Reinforcement learning has recently shown promise in improving retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Despite these advances, its effectiveness in multi-hop question answering (QA) remains limited by two fundamental limitations: (i) global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinchang Luo , Mingquan Cheng , Fan Wan , Ni Li , Xiaoling Xia , Shuangshuang Tian , Tingcheng Bian , Haiwei Wang , Haohuan Fu , Yan Tao

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Leveraging vast and continually updated knowledge from the Internet has been considered an important ability for a dialogue system. Therefore, the dialogue query generation task is proposed for generating search queries from dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jianheng Huang , Ante Wang , Linfeng Gao , Linfeng Song , Jinsong Su

Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graph~(KGQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away from the topic entities mentioned in a natural language question on a large-scale Knowledge Graph (KG). To cope with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) aims to find the answer entity in a knowledge base which is several hops from the topic entity mentioned in the question. Existing Retrieval-based approaches first generate instructions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Haowei Du , Quzhe Huang , Chen Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Question Answering (QA) has shown great success thanks to the availability of large-scale datasets and the effectiveness of neural models. Recent research works have attempted to extend these successes to the settings with few or no labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Zhongli Li , Wenhui Wang , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

Many models that leverage knowledge graphs (KGs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success in question answering (QA) tasks. In the real world, many facts contained in KGs are time-constrained thus temporal KGQA has received increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Chao Xue , Di Liang , Pengfei Wang , Jing Zhang

Automatic question generation (QG) serves a wide range of purposes, such as augmenting question-answering (QA) corpora, enhancing chatbot systems, and developing educational materials. Despite its importance, most existing datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Generating questions along with associated answers from a text has applications in several domains, such as creating reading comprehension tests for students, or improving document search by providing auxiliary questions and answers based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

Conversational question answering (CQA) facilitates an incremental and interactive understanding of a given context, but building a CQA system is difficult for many domains due to the problem of data scarcity. In this paper, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seonjeong Hwang , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Recent advances in tabular question answering (QA) with large language models are constrained in their coverage and only answer questions over a single table. However, real-world queries are complex in nature, often over multiple tables in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Vaishali Pal , Andrew Yates , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

In this paper, we focus on task-specific question answering (QA). To this end, we introduce a method for generating exhaustive and high-quality training data, which allows us to train compact (e.g., run on a mobile device), task-specific QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hai X. Pham , Isma Hadji , Xinnuo Xu , Ziedune Degutyte , Jay Rainey , Evangelos Kazakos , Afsaneh Fazly , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Brais Martinez

Asking good questions is an essential ability for both human and machine intelligence. However, existing neural question generation approaches mainly focus on the short factoid type of answers. In this paper, we propose a neural question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Lidiya Murakhovs'ka , Chien-Sheng Wu , Philippe Laban , Tong Niu , Wenhao Liu , Caiming Xiong

Multi-hop question answering is widely used to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it requires integrating multiple pieces of supporting knowledge to arrive at a correct answer. While prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhuoyi Yang , Yurun Song , Iftekhar Ahmed , Ian Harris

The semantic parsing-based method is an important research branch for knowledge-based question answering. It usually generates executable programs lean upon the question and then conduct them to reason answers over a knowledge base. Benefit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yingyao Wang , Yongwei Zhou , Chaoqun Duan , Junwei Bao , Tiejun Zhao

Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cheng Zhang

Fusion-in-decoder (Fid) (Izacard and Grave, 2020) is a generative question answering (QA) model that leverages passage retrieval with a pre-trained transformer and pushed the state of the art on single-hop QA. However, the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Semih Yavuz , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Caiming Xiong

We propose a simple method to generate multilingual question and answer pairs on a large scale through the use of a single generative model. These synthetic samples can be used to improve the zero-shot performance of multilingual QA models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Siamak Shakeri , Noah Constant , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Linting Xue

The problem of realistic VQA (RVQA), where a model has to reject unanswerable questions (UQs) and answer answerable ones (AQs), is studied. We first point out 2 drawbacks in current RVQA research, where (1) datasets contain too many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yuwei Zhang , Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Question answering (QA) models often rely on large-scale training datasets, which necessitates the development of a data generation framework to reduce the cost of manual annotations. Although several recent studies have aimed to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Seongyun Lee , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang