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It is known that the common factors in a large panel of data can be consistently estimated by the method of principal components, and principal components can be constructed by iterative least squares regressions. Replacing least squares…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-16 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

This paper proposes an imputation procedure that uses the factors estimated from a tall block along with the re-rotated loadings estimated from a wide block to impute missing values in a panel of data. Assuming that a strong factor…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-08-13 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

This article investigates the problem of noisy low-rank matrix completion with a shared factor structure, leveraging the auxiliary information from the missing indicator matrix to enhance prediction accuracy. Despite decades of development…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-08 Yuanhong A , Xinyan Fan , Bingyi Jing , Bo Zhang

Economists are blessed with a wealth of data for analysis, but more often than not, values in some entries of the data matrix are missing. Various methods have been proposed to handle missing observations in a few variables. We exploit the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-02 Ercument Cahan , Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

Low-rank approximation of a matrix by means of random sampling has been consistently efficient in its empirical studies by many scientists who applied it with various sparse and structured multipliers, but adequate formal support for this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-07 Victor Y. Pan , Liang Zhao

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Estimates of the approximate factor model are increasingly used in empirical work. Their theoretical properties, studied some twenty years ago, also laid the ground work for analysis on large dimensional panel data models with cross-section…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-08-04 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

Matrix completion is a modern missing data problem where both the missing structure and the underlying parameter are high dimensional. Although missing structure is a key component to any missing data problems, existing matrix completion…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-23 Xiaojun Mao , Raymond K. W. Wong , Song Xi Chen

Low-rank matrix completion concerns the problem of estimating unobserved entries in a matrix using a sparse set of observed entries. We consider the non-uniform setting where the observed entries are sampled with highly varying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-04 Xumei Xi , Christina Lee Yu , Yudong Chen

We build a simple diagnostic criterion for approximate factor structure in large cross-sectional equity datasets. Given a model for asset returns with observable factors, the criterion checks whether the error terms are weakly…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-08 Patrick Gagliardini , Elisa Ossola , Olivier Scaillet

This paper studies the principal component (PC) method-based estimation of weak factor models with sparse loadings. We uncover an intrinsic near-sparsity preservation property for the PC estimators of loadings, which comes from the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-08 Jie Wei , Yonghui Zhang

This paper studies estimation of linear panel regression models with heterogeneous coefficients, when both the regressors and the residual contain a possibly common, latent, factor structure. Our theory is (nearly) efficient, because based…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-03-01 Marco Avarucci , Paolo Zaffaroni

We study semiparametric factor models in high-dimensional panels where the factor loadings consist of a nonparametric component explained by observed covariates and an idiosyncratic component capturing unobserved heterogeneity. A key…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-09 Sijie Zheng

The problem of approximating a matrix by a low-rank one has been extensively studied. This problem assumes, however, that the whole matrix has a low-rank structure. This assumption is often false for real-world matrices. We consider the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Martino Ciaperoni , Aristides Gionis , Heikki Mannila

Low-rank approximation of a matrix by means of structured random sampling has been consistently efficient in its extensive empirical studies around the globe, but adequate formal support for this empirical phenomenon has been missing so…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-21 Victor Pan , John Svadlenka , Liang Zhao

Matrix approximation is a common tool in machine learning for building accurate prediction models for recommendation systems, text mining, and computer vision. A prevalent assumption in constructing matrix approximations is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-16 Joonseok Lee , Seungyeon Kim , Guy Lebanon , Yoram Singer

In panel data subject to nonignorable attrition, auxiliary (refreshment) sampling may restore full identification under weak assumptions on the attrition process. Despite their generality, these identification strategies have seen limited…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-16 Grigory Franguridi , Jinyong Hahn , Pierre Hoonhout , Arie Kapteyn , Geert Ridder

This paper investigates nonlinear panel regression models with interactive fixed effects and introduces a general framework for parameter estimation under potentially non-convex objective functions. We propose a computationally feasible…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-01 Kan Yao

Many popular statistical models, such as factor and random effects models, give arise a certain type of covariance structures that is a summation of low rank and sparse matrices. This paper introduces a penalized approximation framework to…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-19 Xi Luo

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-04-29 Nathan Halko , Per-Gunnar Martinsson , Joel A. Tropp
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