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Advanced machine learning models have recently achieved high predictive accuracy for weather and climate prediction. However, these complex models often lack inherent transparency and interpretability, acting as "black boxes" that impede…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Ruyi Yang , Jingyu Hu , Zihao Li , Jianli Mu , Tingzhao Yu , Jiangjiang Xia , Xuhong Li , Aritra Dasgupta , Haoyi Xiong

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

When predictive models are used to support complex and important decisions, the ability to explain a model's reasoning can increase trust, expose hidden biases, and reduce vulnerability to adversarial attacks. However, attempts at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Dimitris Bertsimas , Arthur Delarue , Patrick Jaillet , Sebastien Martin

The ability to interpret Machine Learning (ML) models is becoming increasingly essential. However, despite significant progress in the field, there remains a lack of rigorous characterization regarding the innate interpretability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Guy Amir , Shahaf Bassan , Guy Katz

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer neural networks by uncovering which high-level algorithms they implement. Causal abstraction provides a precise notion of when a network implements an algorithm, i.e., a causal model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Theodora-Mara Pîslar , Sara Magliacane , Atticus Geiger

Interpretability research often adopts a neuron-centric lens, treating individual neurons as the fundamental units of explanation. However, neuron-level explanations can be undermined by superposition, where single units respond to mixtures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Julien Colin , Lore Goetschalckx , Thomas Fel , Victor Boutin , Thomas Serre , Nuria Oliver

With the broader and highly successful usage of machine learning in industry and the sciences, there has been a growing demand for Explainable AI. Interpretability and explanation methods for gaining a better understanding about the problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Wojciech Samek , Grégoire Montavon , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Christopher J. Anders , Klaus-Robert Müller

With the popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs), model interpretability is becoming a critical concern. Many approaches have been developed to tackle the problem through post-hoc analysis, such as explaining how predictions are made or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Haixing Dai , Lu Zhang , Lin Zhao , Zihao Wu , Zhengliang Liu , David Liu , Xiaowei Yu , Yanjun Lyu , Changying Li , Ninghao Liu , Tianming Liu , Dajiang Zhu

We present an interpretable neural network approach to predicting and understanding politeness in natural language requests. Our models are based on simple convolutional neural networks directly on raw text, avoiding any manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Malika Aubakirova , Mohit Bansal

Traditional neural networks have an impressive classification performance, but what they learn cannot be inspected, verified or extracted. Neural Logic Networks on the other hand have an interpretable structure that enables them to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Vincent Perreault , Katsumi Inoue , Richard Labib , Alain Hertz

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in many data-driven and prediction-oriented applications, and sometimes even perform better than humans. However, their most significant drawback is the lack of interpretability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Jiahui Li , Kun Kuang , Lin Li , Long Chen , Songyang Zhang , Jian Shao , Jun Xiao

A wide variety of model explanation approaches have been proposed in recent years, all guided by very different rationales and heuristics. In this paper, we take a new route and cast interpretability as a statistical inference problem. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Hugo Henri Joseph Senetaire , Damien Garreau , Jes Frellsen , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Neural rationale models are popular for interpretable predictions of NLP tasks. In these, a selector extracts segments of the input text, called rationales, and passes these segments to a classifier for prediction. Since the rationale is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yiming Zheng , Serena Booth , Julie Shah , Yilun Zhou

Neural network models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, a long-standing criticism against neural network models is the lack of interpretability, which not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Xiaofei Sun , Diyi Yang , Xiaoya Li , Tianwei Zhang , Yuxian Meng , Han Qiu , Guoyin Wang , Eduard Hovy , Jiwei Li

Many proposed applications of neural networks in machine learning, cognitive/brain science, and society hinge on the feasibility of inner interpretability via circuit discovery. This calls for empirical and theoretical explorations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Federico Adolfi , Martina G. Vilas , Todd Wareham

Understanding the predictions made by deep learning models remains a central challenge, especially in high-stakes applications. A promising approach is to equip models with the ability to answer counterfactual questions -- hypothetical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Inwoo Hwang , Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

Artificial Intelligence models are becoming increasingly more powerful and accurate, supporting or even replacing humans' decision making. But with increased power and accuracy also comes higher complexity, making it hard for users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Vivian S. Silva , André Freitas , Siegfried Handschuh

The emergence of large-scale pretrained language models has posed unprecedented challenges in deriving explanations of why the model has made some predictions. Stemmed from the compositional nature of languages, spurious correlations have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ruochen Zhao , Shafiq Joty , Yongjie Wang , Tan Wang

We introduce provenance networks, a novel class of neural models designed to provide end-to-end, training-data-driven explainability. Unlike conventional post-hoc methods, provenance networks learn to link each prediction directly to its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ali Kayyam , Anusha Madan Gopal , M. Anthony Lewis