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Gravitational lensing of electromagnetic (EM) waves has yielded many profound discoveries across fundamental physics, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. Similar to EM waves, gravitational waves (GWs) can also be lensed. When their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-28 Zhao-Feng Wu , Otto A. Hannuksela , Martin Hendry , Quynh Lan Nguyen

Gravitational wave predicted by General Relativity is the transverse wave of spatial strain. Several gravitational waveform signals from binary black holes and from a binary neutron star system accompanied by electromagnetic counterparts…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-02 Kai Liao , Marek Biesiada , Xi-Long Fan

With increasing sensitivities of the current ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, the prospects of detecting a strongly lensed GW signal are going to be high in the coming years. When such a signal passes through an intervening…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Anuj Mishra , Ashish Kumar Meena , Anupreeta More , Sukanta Bose , J S Bagla

When gravitational waves pass through the nuclear star clusters of galactic lenses, they may be microlensed by the stars. Such microlensing can cause potentially observable beating patterns on the waveform due to waveform superposition and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-10 Mark H. Y. Cheung , Joseph Gais , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

Wave-optics effects in strongly lensed gravitational waves (GWs) provide a new interferometric probe of dark matter substructure. We compute the full diffraction integral for GWs propagating through statistically generated cold dark matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shin'ichiro Ando

In this study, we demonstrate that general relativity predicts arrival time differences between gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) signals caused by the wave effects in gravitational lensing. The GW signals can arrive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-25 Ryuichi Takahashi

The detection of gravitational waves is considered to be one of the most magnificent discoveries of the century. Due to the high computational cost of matched filtering pipeline, there is a hunt for an alternative powerful system. I…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-05 Hrithika Dodia

Gravitational wave detection requires an in-depth understanding of the physical properties of gravitational wave signals, and the noise from which they are extracted. Understanding the statistical properties of noise is a complex endeavor,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-05 Wei Wei , E. A. Huerta

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time that travel at the speed of light. The detection of gravitational waves by LIGO is a major breakthrough in the field of astronomy. Deep Learning has revolutionized many industries…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-09 Hrithika Dodia , Himanshu Tandel , Lynette D'Mello

Lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) due to intervening massive astrophysical systems between the source and the observer is an inevitable consequence of the general theory of relativity, which can produce multiple GW events with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Aniruddha Chakraborty , Suvodip Mukherjee

We search for gravitational wave (GW) events from LIGO-Virgo's third run that may have been affected by gravitational lensing. Gravitational lensing delays the arrival of GWs, and alters their amplitude -- thus biasing the inferred…

Every signal propagating through the universe is at least weakly lensed by the intervening gravitational field. In some situations, wave-optics phenomena (diffraction, interference) can be observed as frequency-dependent modulations of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-30 Stefano Savastano , Giovanni Tambalo , Hector Villarrubia-Rojo , Miguel Zumalacarregui

Gravitational waves (GWs) offer a new observational window into the universe, providing insights into compact objects and cosmic structures. Gravitational lensing, commonly studied in electromagnetic waves, also affects GWs, introducing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Xing-Yu Yang , Tan Chen , Rong-Gen Cai

As the interferometers detecting gravitational waves are upgraded, improving their sensitivity, the probability of observing strong lensing increases. Once a detection is made, it will be critical to gain as much information as possible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-31 Mick Wright , Justin Janquart , Martin Hendry

Screening mechanisms are essential components in many modified gravity theories, which satisfy local tests of General Relativity (GR) and address cosmic acceleration on cosmological scales. The strong gravitational lensing of gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-11 Chengsheng Mu , Shuo Cao , Shuxun Tian , Xinyue Jiang , Chenfa Zheng , Dadian Cheng

Detection of quasi-monochromatic, long-duration (continuous) gravitational wave radiation emitted by, e.g., asymmetric rotating neutron stars in our Galaxy requires a long observation time to distinguish it from the detector's noise. If…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-29 Sudhagar Suyamprakasam , Sreekanth Harikumar , Paweł Ciecieląg , Przemysław Figura , Michał Bejger , Marek Biesiada

The coherent nature of gravitational wave emanating from a compact binary system makes it possible to detect some interference patterns in two (or more) signals registered simultaneously by the detector. Gravitational lensing effect can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Shaoqi Hou , Pengbo Li , Hai Yu , Marek Biesiada , Xi-Long Fan , Seiji Kawamura , Zong-Hong Zhu

Lensed gravitational waves will offer new means to probe the distribution of matter in the universe, complementary to electromagnetic signals. Lensed continuous gravitational waves provide new challenges and opportunities beyond those of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-01 Stefano Savastano , Filippo Vernizzi , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015, gravitational-wave astronomy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field that holds great potential for studying the cosmos, from probing the properties of black holes to testing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-17 Anna Liu , Isaac C. F. Wong , Samson H. W. Leong , Anupreeta More , Otto A. Hannuksela , Tjonnie G. F. Li

In this work, we investigate the effect of gravitational lensing on the gravitational wave (GW) signals of a population of tidal disruption events (TDEs). We estimate the number of lensed-magnified signals that we expect to detect with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-24 Martina Toscani , Elena M. Rossi , Nicola Tamanini , Giulia Cusin
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