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Recently, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) claimed the detection of a stochastic common-spectrum process of the pulsar timing array (PTA) time residuals from their 12.5 year data, which might be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-15 Guillem Domènech , Shi Pi

Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Wang-Wei Yu , Bruce Allen

We present the results of simulated injections testing the first Bayesian search-pipeline capable of investigating the angular-structure of a gravitational-wave (GW) background influencing pulsar signals. A stochastic background of GWs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-30 Stephen R. Taylor , Jonathan R. Gair

A low-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB) from the cosmic merger history of supermassive black holes is expected to be detected in the next few years by pulsar timing arrays. A GWB induces distinctive correlations in the pulsar…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-30 Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Angelo B. Mingarelli

Recently, several regional pulsar timing array collaborations, including CPTA, EPTA, PPTA, and NANOGrav, have individually reported compelling evidence for a stochastic signal at nanohertz frequencies. This signal originates potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-13 Zu-Cheng Chen , Jun Li , Lang Liu , Zhu Yi

Analysis of high-precision timing observations of an array of approx. 20 millisecond pulsars (a so-called "timing array") may ultimately result in the detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. The feasibility of such a…

Gravitational Waves (GW) have now been detected from stellar-mass black hole binaries, and the first observations of GW from Massive Black Hole (MBH) Binaries are expected within the next decade. Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA), which can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-06 Luke Zoltan Kelley , Laura Blecha , Lars Hernquist

Gravitational waves are predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity as well as other theories of gravity. The rotational stability of the fastest pulsars means that timing of an array of these objects can be used to detect and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Ellis , M. A. McLaughlin , J. P. W. Verbiest

Abbreviated: We investigate the potential of detecting the gravitational wave from individual binary black hole systems using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) and calculate the accuracy for determining the GW properties. This is done in a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 K. J. Lee , N. Wex , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , C. G. Bassa , G. H. Janssen , R. Karuppusamy , R. Smits

While pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), the detection of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from a confirmed supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) would…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-13 Li-Wen Tian , Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

Multiple pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently reported the first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. The signal is expected to be primarily sourced by inspiralling supermassive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-13 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga , Eliot Quataert

The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is expected to be an aggregate signal of an ensemble of gravitational waves emitted predominantly by a large population of coalescing supermassive black hole binaries in the centres of…

Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), which induce correlated changes in millisecond pulsars' timing residuals. PTA collaborations around the world have recently announced evidence of a nanohertz…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-24 Shashwat C. Sardesai , Joseph Simon , Sarah J. Vigeland

The consortium NANOGrav discovered the isotropic gravitational wave background (GWB) with an amplitude of $h\sim 10^{-15}$ and a frequency of $f\sim 10^{-8}$ Hz using observations of millisecond pulsars. We hypothesize that the GWB is relic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-22 Nick Gorkavyi

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are essential tools for detecting the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), but their analysis faces significant computational challenges. Traditional methods like Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-30 Bo Liang , Chang Liu , Tianyu Zhao , Minghui Du , Manjia Liang , Ruijun Shi , Hong Guo , Yuxiang Xu , Li-e Qiang , Peng Xu , Wei-Liang Qian , Ziren Luo

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have entered a new era with evidence for a nanoHertz gravitational wave background (GWB). This review describes the physics of detection, detailing the noise models and cross-correlation techniques…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 C. M. F. Mingarelli , J. A. Casey-Clyde , Y. T. Chang , E. Eisenberg , F. Hutchison , N. Khusid , B. Larsen , A. Moran , F. Semenzato , L. Willson , Q. Zheng

The gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) are long sought by pulsar timing array experiments (PTAs), in the forms of both a stochastic GW background (GWB) and individual sources. The evidence for a GWB was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-27 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

A new model independent method is presented for the analysis of pulsar timing data and the estimation of the spectral properties of an isotropic gravitational wave background (GWB). We show that by rephrasing the likelihood we are able to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-26 Lindley Lentati , Paul Alexander , Michael P. Hobson , Stephen Taylor , Jonathon Gair , Sreekumar T. Balan , Rutger van Haasteren

The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently announced evidence for nHz gravitational waves (GWs), in the form of a Hellings-Downs angular correlation in the common-spectrum process that had been observed previously by them and other Pulsar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-15 John Ellis , Malcolm Fairbairn , Gert Hütsi , Juhan Raidal , Juan Urrutia , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe
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