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In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ronghang Hu , Jacob Andreas , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

We present a neural-symbolic framework for observing the environment and continuously learning visual semantics and intuitive physics to reproduce them in an interactive simulation. The framework consists of five parts, a neural-symbolic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Michael Kissner

The recent developments and growing interest in neural-symbolic models has shown that hybrid approaches can offer richer models for Artificial Intelligence. The integration of effective relational learning and reasoning methods is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Marcelo Prates , Luís Lamb , Artur Garcez

Over the last decades, deep neural networks based-models became the dominant paradigm in machine learning. Further, the use of artificial neural networks in symbolic learning has been seen as increasingly relevant recently. To study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 João Flach , Alvaro F. Moreira , Luis C. Lamb

In this paper, we review recent approaches for explaining concepts in neural networks. Concepts can act as a natural link between learning and reasoning: once the concepts are identified that a neural learning system uses, one can integrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jae Hee Lee , Sergio Lanza , Stefan Wermter

The remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), primarily driven by deep neural networks, are facing challenges surrounding unsustainable computational trajectories, limited robustness, and a lack of explainability. To develop…

Structured output prediction problems are ubiquitous in machine learning. The prominent approach leverages neural networks as powerful feature extractors, otherwise assuming the independence of the outputs. These outputs, however, jointly…

Deep learning has largely improved the performance of various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, most deep learning models are black-box machinery, and lack explicit interpretation. In this chapter, we will introduce our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xianggen Liu , Zhengdong Lu , Lili Mou

Visual reasoning tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) require an interplay of visual perception with reasoning about the question semantics grounded in perception. However, recent advances in this area are still primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Saeed Amizadeh , Hamid Palangi , Oleksandr Polozov , Yichen Huang , Kazuhito Koishida

Neuro-symbolic AI is an effective method for improving the overall performance of AI models by combining the advantages of neural networks and symbolic learning. However, there are differences between the two in terms of how they process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xin Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

Imitation learning is a popular method for teaching robots new behaviors. However, most existing methods focus on teaching short, isolated skills rather than long, multi-step tasks. To bridge this gap, imitation learning algorithms must not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Leon Keller , Daniel Tanneberg , Jan Peters

The neural network has become an integral part of modern software systems. However, they still suffer from various problems, in particular, vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In this work, we present a novel program reasoning framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Zi Wang , Somesh Jha , Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham

Neuro-symbolic hybrid systems are promising for integrating machine learning and symbolic reasoning, where perception models are facilitated with information inferred from a symbolic knowledge base through logical reasoning. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Lue Tao , Yu-Xuan Huang , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yuan Jiang

Neuro-symbolic learning was proposed to address challenges with training neural networks for complex reasoning tasks with the added benefits of interpretability, reliability, and efficiency. Neuro-symbolic learning methods traditionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adam Stein , Aaditya Naik , Neelay Velingker , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

This article contains a proposal to add coinduction to the computational apparatus of natural language understanding. This, we argue, will provide a basis for more realistic, computationally sound, and scalable models of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Wlodek W. Zadrozny

This article presents a concept-centric paradigm for building agents that can learn continually and reason flexibly. The concept-centric agent utilizes a vocabulary of neuro-symbolic concepts. These concepts, such as object, relation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Jiayuan Mao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu

We are interested in neurosymbolic systems consisting of a high-level symbolic layer for explainable prediction in terms of human-intelligible concepts; and a low-level neural layer for extracting symbols required to generate the symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Vedant Shah , Aditya Agrawal , Lovekesh Vig , Ashwin Srinivasan , Gautam Shroff , Tanmay Verlekar

Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep neural networks have driven significant progress in vision and text processing. However, achieving human-like reasoning and interpretability in AI systems remains a substantial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shenzhe Zhu , Shengxiang Sun

Symbolic regression aims to discover human-interpretable equations that explain observational data. However, existing approaches rely heavily on discrete structure search (e.g., genetic programming), which often leads to high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Fateme Memar , Tao Zhe , Dongjie Wang

Motivated by recent findings from cognitive neural science, we advocate the use of a dual-level model for concept representations: the embodied level consists of concept-oriented feature representations, and the symbolic level consists of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Daniel T. Chang