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We propose a new iris presentation attack detection method using three-dimensional features of an observed iris region estimated by photometric stereo. Our implementation uses a pair of iris images acquired by a common commercial iris…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Adam Czajka , Zhaoyuan Fang , Kevin W. Bowyer

Gender classification is attractive in a range of applications, including surveillance and monitoring, corporate profiling, and human-computer interaction. Individuals' identities may be gleaned from information about their gender, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Basna Mohammed Salih Hasan , Ramadhan J. Mstafa

Diversity and unpredictability of artifacts potentially presented to an iris sensor calls for presentation attack detection methods that are agnostic to specificity of presentation attack instruments. This paper proposes a method that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Zhaoyuan Fang , Adam Czajka , Kevin W. Bowyer

One of the main challenges of social interaction in virtual reality settings is that head-mounted displays occlude a large portion of the face, blocking facial expressions and thereby restricting social engagement cues among users. Hence,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Steven Hickson , Nick Dufour , Avneesh Sud , Vivek Kwatra , Irfan Essa

Augmented Reality (AR) based on Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) has gained significant traction over the recent years. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what AR HMD-based applications have been developed over the years and what their system…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Pubudu Wijesooriya , Sheikh Muhammad Farjad , Nikolaos Stergiou , Spyridon Mastorakis

Head-mounted displays (HMDs) serve as indispensable devices for observing extended reality (XR) environments and virtual content. However, HMDs present an obstacle to external recording techniques as they block the upper face of the user.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Fatemeh Ghorbani Lohesara , Karen Egiazarian , Sebastian Knorr

Very low-resolution face recognition (VLRFR) poses unique challenges, such as tiny regions of interest and poor resolution due to extreme standoff distance or wide viewing angle of the acquisition devices. In this paper, we study principled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Jacky Chen Long Chai , Tiong-Sik Ng , Cheng-Yaw Low , Jaewoo Park , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Smartphone-based iris recognition in the visible spectrum (VIS) remains difficult due to illumination variability, pigmentation differences, and the absence of standardized capture controls. This work presents a compact end-to-end pipeline…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Naveenkumar G Venkataswamy , Yu Liu , Soumyabrata Dey , Stephanie Schuckers , Masudul H Imtiaz

Iris Recognition Systems are ocular- based biometric devices used primarily for security reasons. The complexity and the randomness of the Iris, amongst various other factors, ensure that this biometric system is inarguably an exact and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-10-28 Abhimanyu Sarin , Dr. Jagadish Nayak

Iris presentation attack detection (PAD) plays a vital role in iris recognition systems. Most existing CNN-based iris PAD solutions 1) perform only binary label supervision during the training of CNNs, serving global information learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Meiling Fang , Naser Damer , Fadi Boutros , Florian Kirchbuchner , Arjan Kuijper

Iris recognition is widely used in high-security scenarios due to its stability and distinctiveness. However, iris images captured by different devices exhibit certain and device-related consistent differences, which has a greater impact on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Hang Zou , Chenxi Du , Ajian Liu , Yuan Zhang , Jing Liu , Mingchuan Yang , Jun Wan , Hui Zhang , Zhenan Sun

Optical see-though head-mounted displays (OST HMDs) are one of the key technologies for merging virtual objects and physical scenes to provide an immersive mixed reality (MR) environment to its user. A fundamental limitation of HMDs is,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mathias Unberath , Kevin Yu , Roghayeh Barmaki , Alex Johnson , Nassir Navab

Facial motion capture in mixed reality headsets enables real-time avatar animation, allowing users to convey non-verbal cues during virtual interactions. However, as facial motion data constitutes a behavioral biometric, its use raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Adriano Castro , Simon Hanisch , Matin Fallahi , Thorsten Strufe

Current research in iris recognition is moving towards enabling more relaxed acquisition conditions. This has effects on the quality of acquired images, with low resolution being a predominant issue. Here, we evaluate a super-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Fernando Alonso-Fernandez , Reuben A. Farrugia , Josef Bigun

With recent advances of Virtual Reality (VR) technology, the deployment of such will dramatically increase in non-entertainment environments, such as professional education and training, manufacturing, service, or low frequency/high risk…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Arian Mehrfard , Javad Fotouhi , Giacomo Taylor , Tess Forster , Nassir Navab , Bernhard Fuerst

The use of iris as a biometric trait is widely used because of its high level of distinction and uniqueness. Nowadays, one of the major research challenges relies on the recognition of iris images obtained in visible spectrum under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Luiz A. Zanlorensi , Eduardo Luz , Rayson Laroca , Alceu S. Britto , Luiz S. Oliveira , David Menotti

Industrial process tomography (IPT) is a specialized imaging technique widely used in industrial scenarios for process supervision and control. Today, augmented/mixed reality (AR/MR) is increasingly being adopted in many industrial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yuchong Zhang , Yueming Xuan , Rahul Yadav , Adel Omrani , Morten Fjeld

This study demonstrates how facial biometrics, acquired using multi-spectral sensors, such as RGB, depth, and infrared, assist the data accumulation in the process of authorizing users of automated and semi-automated access systems. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 K. Lai , S. Samoil , S. N. Yanushkevich

This paper proposes two new open-source iris recognition algorithms, providing both Python and IREX-compliant C++ implementations to be submitted to the official IREX X program. This work has two primary goals: (a) to conduct the first-ever…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Siamul Karim Khan , Patrick J. Flynn , Adam Czajka

Iris is an established modality in biometric recognition applications including consumer electronics, e-commerce, border security, forensics, and de-duplication of identity at a national scale. In light of the expanding usage of biometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Priyanka Das , Richard Plesh , Veeru Talreja , Natalia Schmid , Matthew Valenti , Joseph Skufca , Stephanie Schuckers