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Deep learning models continuously break new records across different NLP tasks. At the same time, their success exposes weaknesses of model evaluation. Here, we compile several key pitfalls of evaluation of sentence embeddings, a currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Steffen Eger , Andreas Rücklé , Iryna Gurevych

Dialog act (DA) recognition is a task that has been widely explored over the years. Recently, most approaches to the task explored different DNN architectures to combine the representations of the words in a segment and generate a segment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Eugénio Ribeiro , Ricardo Ribeiro , David Martins de Matos

Pre-trained word embeddings are widely used for transfer learning in natural language processing. The embeddings are continuous and distributed representations of the words that preserve their similarities in compact Euclidean spaces.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Halid Ziya Yerebakan , Parmeet Bhatia , Yoshihisa Shinagawa

Recently, Le and Mikolov (2014) proposed doc2vec as an extension to word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013a) to learn document-level embeddings. Despite promising results in the original paper, others have struggled to reproduce those results. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Contextual embeddings, such as ELMo and BERT, move beyond global word representations like Word2Vec and achieve ground-breaking performance on a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Contextual embeddings assign each word a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Qi Liu , Matt J. Kusner , Phil Blunsom

Learned vector representations of words are useful tools for many information retrieval and natural language processing tasks due to their ability to capture lexical semantics. However, while many such tasks involve or even rely on named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Satya Almasian , Andreas Spitz , Michael Gertz

Word embedding, which refers to low-dimensional dense vector representations of natural words, has demonstrated its power in many natural language processing tasks. However, it may suffer from the inaccurate and incomplete information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Fei Tian , Bin Gao , Enhong Chen , Tie-Yan Liu

Word2vec is a popular family of algorithms for unsupervised training of dense vector representations of words on large text corpuses. The resulting vectors have been shown to capture semantic relationships among their corresponding words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Erik Ordentlich , Lee Yang , Andy Feng , Peter Cnudde , Mihajlo Grbovic , Nemanja Djuric , Vladan Radosavljevic , Gavin Owens

End-to-end neural machine translation has overtaken statistical machine translation in terms of translation quality for some language pairs, specially those with large amounts of parallel data. Besides this palpable improvement, neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Cristina España-Bonet , Ádám Csaba Varga , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño , Josef van Genabith

Word embeddings aims to map sense of the words into a lower dimensional vector space in order to reason over them. Training embeddings on domain specific data helps express concepts more relevant to their use case but comes at a cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Shubham Bhardwaj

Sentence embedding methods offer a powerful approach for working with short textual constructs or sequences of words. By representing sentences as dense numerical vectors, many natural language processing (NLP) applications have improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Yuan An , Alexander Kalinowski , Jane Greenberg

Word embedding models learn semantically rich vector representations of words and are widely used to initialize natural processing language (NLP) models. The popular continuous bag-of-words (CBOW) model of word2vec learns a vector embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Shashank Sonkar , Andrew E. Waters , Richard G. Baraniuk

In the context of natural language processing, representation learning has emerged as a newly active research subject because of its excellent performance in many applications. Learning representations of words is a pioneering study in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang

Bilingual word embeddings have been widely used to capture the similarity of lexical semantics in different human languages. However, many applications, such as cross-lingual semantic search and question answering, can be largely benefited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Haochen Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Steven Skiena , Carlo Zaniolo

Pretrained speech representations like wav2vec2 and HuBERT exhibit strong anisotropy, leading to high similarity between random embeddings. While widely observed, the impact of this property on downstream tasks remains unclear. This work…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guillaume Wisniewski , Séverine Guillaume , Clara Rosina Fernández

In information retrieval, learning to rank constructs a machine-based ranking model which given a query, sorts the search results by their degree of relevance or importance to the query. Neural networks have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Baiyang Wang , Diego Klabjan

We present a probabilistic language model for time-stamped text data which tracks the semantic evolution of individual words over time. The model represents words and contexts by latent trajectories in an embedding space. At each moment in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-19 Robert Bamler , Stephan Mandt

Following the recent success of word embeddings, it has been argued that there is no such thing as an ideal representation for words, as different models tend to capture divergent and often mutually incompatible aspects like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio , Eneko Agirre

Recent work in Dialogue Act classification has treated the task as a sequence labeling problem using hierarchical deep neural networks. We build on this prior work by leveraging the effectiveness of a context-aware self-attention mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Vipul Raheja , Joel Tetreault

We present path2vec, a new approach for learning graph embeddings that relies on structural measures of pairwise node similarities. The model learns representations for nodes in a dense space that approximate a given user-defined graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Andrey Kutuzov , Mohammad Dorgham , Oleksiy Oliynyk , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko