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Related papers: Unstable Stokes waves

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We generalize the periodic Evans function approach recently used to study the spectral stability of Stokes wave and gravity-capillary (including Wilton ripples) in water of finite depth to study spectral stability of Stokes waves in water…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Zhao Yang

We prove that a Stokes' periodic wave of sufficiently small amplitude, traveling under gravity at the free surface of a two dimensional, infinitely deep, and irrotational flow, is spectrally unstable to slow modulation, rigorously…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Vera Mikyoung Hur

We investigate the Benjamin-Feir (or modulational) instability of Stokes waves, i.e., small-amplitude, one-dimensional periodic gravity waves of permanent form and constant velocity, in water of finite and infinite depth. We develop a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-22 Ryan Creedon , Bernard Deconinck

We show that periodic traveling waves with sufficiently small amplitudes of the Whitham equation, which incorporates the dispersion relation of surface water waves and the nonlinearity of the shallow water equations,are spectrally unstable…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-05-15 Vera Mikyoung Hur , Mathew A. Johnson

We investigate the Benjamin-Feir instability of small-amplitude gravity-capillary Stokes waves in deep water for the full water wave equations. While modulational instability has been classically predicted by formal asymptotic approaches,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Ting-Yang Hsiao , Xinyang Wang

It is proven that small-amplitude steady periodic water waves with infinite depth are unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations. This modulational instability was first observed more than half a century ago by Benjamin and Feir. It…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-07-05 Huy Q. Nguyen , Walter A. Strauss

We consider a full set of harmonics for the Stokes wave in deep water in the absence of viscosity, and examine the role that higher harmonics play in modifying the classical Benjamin-Feir instability. Using a representation of the wave…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-04-26 Shahrdad G. Sajjadi , David L. Ross

Small-amplitude, traveling, space periodic solutions -- called Stokes waves -- of the 2 dimensional gravity water waves equations in deep water are linearly unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, as predicted by Benjamin and Feir…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Massimiliano Berti , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura

This paper fully answers a long standing open question concerning the stability/instability of pure gravity periodic traveling water waves -- called Stokes waves -- at the critical Whitham-Benjamin depth $ \mathtt{h}_{\scriptscriptstyle WB}…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Massimiliano Berti , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura

Euler's equations govern the behavior of gravity waves on the surface of an incompressible, inviscid, and irrotational fluid of arbitrary depth. We investigate the spectral stability of sufficiently small-amplitude, one-dimensional Stokes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-03-14 Ryan Creedon , Bernard Deconinck , Olga Trichtchenko

We make rigorous spectral stability analysis for non-resonant capillary-gravity waves as well as resonant Wilton ripples of sufficiently small amplitude. Our analysis is based on a periodic Evans function approach, developed recently by the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Vera Mikyoung Hur , Zhao Yang

We prove that all irrotational planar periodic traveling waves of sufficiently small-amplitude are spectrally unstable as solutions to three-dimensional inviscid finite-depth gravity water-waves equations.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-31 Ziang Jiao , L. Miguel Rodrigues , Changzhen Sun , Zhao Yang

We study the spectral stability of small-amplitude Stokes waves in a family of weakly nonlinear, unidirectional models of the form $u_t + L u + (u^2)_x = 0$. We introduce a perturbation method to expand the spectral data in wave amplitude…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Benjamin Akers , Ryan P. Creedon

We study the two-dimensional gravity-capillary water waves equations for a fluid of finite depth $\mathtt{h}>0$ under the combined effects of gravity and surface tension $\kappa \geq 0$. We analyze the linear stability and instability of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Ting-Yang Hsiao , Alberto Maspero

This paper proves long-standing conjectures regarding the existence of infinitely many high-frequency modulational instability ``isolas" for a Stokes wave in arbitrary depth $ \mathtt{h} > 0 $, under longitudinal perturbations. We provide a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Massimiliano Berti , Livia Corsi , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura

A Stokes wave is a traveling free-surface periodic water wave that is constant in the direction transverse to the direction of propagation. In 1981 McLean discovered via numerical methods that Stokes waves are unstable with respect to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Ryan P. Creedon , Huy Q. Nguyen , Walter A. Strauss

We study modulational stability and instability in the Whitham equation, combining the dispersion relation of water waves and a nonlinearity of the shallow water equations, and modified to permit the effects of surface tension and constant…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-08-28 Vera Mikyoung Hur , Mathew A. Johnson

In this paper, we investigate the spectral stability of periodic traveling waves in the two dimensional gravity-capillary water wave problem. We derive a stability criterion based on an index function, whose sign determines the spectral…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Changzhen Sun , Erik Wahlén

The present work shows that essentially all small-amplitude periodic traveling waves of the electronic Euler-Poisson system are spectrally unstable. This instability is neither modulational nor co-periodic, and thus requires an unusual…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Pascal Noble , Luis Miguel Rodrigues , Changzhen Sun

Whitham and Benjamin predicted in 1967 that small-amplitude periodic traveling Stokes waves of the 2d-gravity water waves equations are linearly unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, if the depth $\mathtt h$ is larger than a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Massimiliano Berti , Alberto Maspero , Paolo Ventura
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