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In this paper, we perform an exhaustive evaluation of different representations to address the intent classification problem in a Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) setup. We benchmark three types of systems to perform the SLU intent…

This paper presents a novel algorithm for building an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model with imperfect training data. Imperfectly transcribed speech is a prevalent issue in human-annotated speech corpora, which degrades the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Dongji Gao , Matthew Wiesner , Hainan Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Recent work on end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown that the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss can be used to convert acoustics to phone or character sequences. Such systems are used with a dictionary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Kartik Audhkhasi , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , George Saon , Michael Picheny , David Nahamoo

Direct speech translation (ST) has shown to be a complex task requiring knowledge transfer from its sub-tasks: automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT). For MT, one of the most promising techniques to transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Marco Gaido , Mattia A. Di Gangi , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

Wearable silent speech systems hold significant potential for restoring communication in patients with speech impairments. However, seamless, coherent speech remains elusive, and clinical efficacy is still unproven. Here, we present an…

Audio-LLM introduces audio modality into a large language model (LLM) to enable a powerful LLM to recognize, understand, and generate audio. However, during speech recognition in noisy environments, we observed the presence of illusions and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yangze Li , Xiong Wang , Songjun Cao , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Without real bilingual corpus available, unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (NMT) typically requires pseudo parallel data generated with the back-translation method for the model training. However, due to weak supervision, the pseudo…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Shuo Ren , Zhirui Zhang , Shujie Liu , Ming Zhou , Shuai Ma

Our study introduces an automated system leveraging large language models (LLMs) to assess the effectiveness of five key tutoring strategies: 1. giving effective praise, 2. reacting to errors, 3. determining what students know, 4. helping…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Megan Gu , Chloe Qianhui Zhao , Claire Liu , Nikhil Patel , Jahnvi Shah , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Current deep neural network (DNN) based speech separation faces a fundamental challenge -- while the models need to be trained on short segments due to computational constraints, real-world applications typically require processing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-04 Yuzhu Wang , Archontis Politis , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is widely used in consumer electronics. ASR greatly improves the utility and accessibility of technology, but usually the output is only word sequences without punctuation. This can result in ambiguity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Andrew Silva , Barry-John Theobald , Nicholas Apostoloff

Encoder-decoder based sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). Recently, the transformer architecture, which uses self-attention to model temporal context…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

The performance bottleneck of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in stuttering speech scenarios has limited its applicability in domains such as speech rehabilitation. This paper proposed an LLM-driven ASR-SED multi-task learning framework…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shangkun Huang , Jing Deng , Jintao Kang , Rong Zheng

Voice assistants like Amazon's Alexa, Google's Assistant, or Apple's Siri, have become the primary (voice) interface in smart speakers that can be found in millions of households. For privacy reasons, these speakers analyze every sound in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Lea Schönherr , Maximilian Golla , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Jan Wiele , Dorothea Kolossa , Thorsten Holz

In this work, to measure the accuracy and efficiency for a latency-controlled streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) application, we perform comprehensive evaluations on three popular training criteria: LF-MMI, CTC and RNN-T. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Xiaohui Zhang , Frank Zhang , Chunxi Liu , Kjell Schubert , Julian Chan , Pradyot Prakash , Jun Liu , Ching-Feng Yeh , Fuchun Peng , Yatharth Saraf , Geoffrey Zweig

In Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) the task is to extract important information from audio commands, like the intent of what a user wants the system to do and special entities like locations or numbers. This paper presents a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Daniel Bermuth , Alexander Poeppel , Wolfgang Reif

While existing text-to-speech (TTS) models exhibit high expressiveness, fine-grained control over composite instructions remains challenging due to the structural mismatch between discrete textual intents and continuous acoustic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bin Kang , Shaoguo Wen , Yang Fan , Shunlong Wu , Junjie Wang , Yulin Li , Junzhi Zhao , Junle Wang , Zhuotao Tian

Current Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems typically use separate models for speech-prompted and text-prompted timbre control. While unifying both control signals into a single model is desirable, the challenge of cross-modal alignment often…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zihao Zheng , Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Mengyue Wu , Xuenan Xu

Context cues carry information which can improve multi-turn interactions in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism inspired by hyper-prompting to fuse textual context with acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sergio Duarte-Torres , Arunasish Sen , Aman Rana , Lukas Drude , Alejandro Gomez-Alanis , Andreas Schwarz , Leif Rädel , Volker Leutnant

The rapid growth of voice assistants powered by large language models (LLM) has highlighted a need for speech instruction data to train these systems. Despite the abundance of speech recognition data, there is a notable scarcity of speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu , Huy Hoang Ha , Tuan Le Duc Anh , Shreyas Gopal , Yue Heng Yeo , Warren Keng Hoong Low , Eng Siong Chng , Jia Qi Yip

Nowadays, speech is becoming a more common, if not standard, interface to technology. This can be seen in the trend of technology changes over the years. Increasingly, voice is used to control programs, appliances and personal devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Abraham Glasser
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