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We investigate generating functions for the integrals over world-sheet tori appearing in closed-string one-loop amplitudes of bosonic, heterotic and type-II theories. These closed-string integrals are shown to obey homogeneous and linear…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-22 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

We consider certain elliptic modular graph functions that arise in the asymptotic expansion around the non--separating node of genus two string invariants that appear in the integrand of the $D^8 R^4$ interaction in the low momentum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Anirban Basu

We study generating functions of moduli-space integrals at genus one that are expected to form a basis for massless $n$-point one-loop amplitudes of open superstrings and open bosonic strings. These integrals are shown to satisfy the same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-18 Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer

We give new proofs of a global and a local property of the integrals which compute closed string theory amplitudes at genus zero. Both kinds of properties are related to the newborn theory of single-valued periods, and our proofs provide an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-02 Pierre Vanhove , Federico Zerbini

A diagrammatic expansion of coefficients in the low-momentum expansion of the genus-one four-particle amplitude in type II superstring theory is developed. This is applied to determine coefficients up to order s^6R^4 (where s is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-15 Michael B. Green , Jorge G. Russo , Pierre Vanhove

We study the modular graph functions introduced by Green, Russo, Vanhove in the context of type II superstring scattering amplitudes of 4 gravitons on a torus. In particular we describe a method to algorithmically compute the coefficients…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-12 Federico Zerbini

The scattering amplitudes of gauge bosons in heterotic and open superstring theories are related by the single-valued projection which yields heterotic amplitudes by selecting a subset of multiple zeta value coefficients in the $\alpha'$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Wei Fan , A. Fotopoulos , S. Stieberger , T. R. Taylor

A systematic formulation of the higher genus expansion in topological string theory is considered. We also develop a simple way of evaluating genus zero correlation functions. At higher genera we derive some interesting formulas for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 T. Eguchi , Y. Yamada , S. -K. Yang

We consider two different genus expansions of the free energy functions of Hermitian one-matrix models, one using fat graphs, one using ordinary graphs (thin graphs). Some structural results are first proved for the thin version of genus…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-01 Jian Zhou

We use the remodeling approach to the B-model topological string in terms of recursion relations to study open string amplitudes at orbifold points. To this end, we clarify modular properties of the open amplitudes and rewrite them in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-30 Vincent Bouchard , Albrecht Klemm , Marcos Marino , Sara Pasquetti

Multiple zeta values arise as special values of polylogarithms defined on Riemann surfaces of various genera. Building on the vast knowledge for classical and elliptic multiple zeta values, we explore a canonical extension of the formalism…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-30 Konstantin Baune , Johannes Broedel , Egor Im , Zhexian Ji , Yannis Moeckli

In earlier work we studied features of non-holomorphic modular functions associated with Feynman graphs for a conformal scalar field theory on a two-dimensional torus with zero external momenta at all vertices. Such functions, which we will…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-30 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green , Omer Gurdogan , Pierre Vanhove

The paper is devoted to the open topological recursion relations in genus 1, which are partial differential equations that conjecturally control open Gromov-Witten invariants in genus 1. We find an explicit formula for any solution…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Oscar Brauer , Alexandr Buryak

We study generating series of torus integrals that contain all so-called modular graph forms relevant for massless one-loop closed-string amplitudes. By analysing the differential equation of the generating series we construct a solution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

Modular graph forms are a class of non-holomorphic modular forms that arise in the low-energy expansion of genus-one closed string amplitudes. In this work, we introduce a systematic procedure to convert lattice-sum representations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-11 Emiel Claasen , Mehregan Doroudiani

The low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one introduces infinite families of non-holomorphic modular forms called modular graph forms. Their differential and number-theoretic properties motivated Brown's…

The motivic coaction of multiple zeta values and multiple polylogarithms encodes both structural insights on and computational methods for scattering amplitudes in a variety of quantum field theories and in string theory. In this work, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-06 Axel Kleinschmidt , Franziska Porkert , Oliver Schlotterer

A formalism is provided to calculate tree amplitudes in open superstring theory for any multiplicity at any order in the inverse string tension. We point out that the underlying world-sheet disk integrals share substantial properties with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-10 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Stephan Stieberger

This paper investigates the relations between modular graph forms, which are generalizations of the modular graph functions that were introduced in earlier papers motivated by the structure of the low energy expansion of genus-one Type II…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-03 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green

We study factorizations of topological string amplitudes on higher genus Riemann surfaces with multiple boundary components and find quantum A-infinity relations, which are the higher genus analog of the (classical) A-infinity relations on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Manfred Herbst