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Related papers: Improving Dialog Systems for Negotiation with Pers…

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Negotiation requires more than inferring what the other side wants: it requires using that information to make advantageous offers and counteroffers over multiple turns. We study whether large language model (LLM) agents do this in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar , Adam Earle , Silvio Savarese

Large Language models are revolutionizing the conversational recommender systems through their impressive capabilities in instruction comprehension, reasoning, and human interaction. A core factor underlying effective recommendation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mengfan Li , Xuanhua Shi , Yang Deng

The ability to interpret the mental state of another agent based on its behavior, also called Theory of Mind (ToM), is crucial for humans in any kind of social interaction. Artificial systems, such as intelligent assistants, would also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Jan Pöppel , Stefan Kopp

AI agents negotiate and transact in natural language with unfamiliar counterparts: a buyer bot facing an unknown seller, or a procurement assistant negotiating with a supplier. In such interactions, the counterpart's LLM, prompts, control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Eilam Shapira , Moshe Tennenholtz , Roi Reichart

Powered by large language models (LLMs), AI agents have become capable of many human tasks. Using the most canonical definitions of the Big Five personality, we measure the ability of LLMs to negotiate within a game-theoretical framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Sean Noh , Ho-Chun Herbert Chang

Recent research in dialogue systems and corpora has focused on two main categories: task-oriented (TOD) and open-domain (chit-chat) dialogues. TOD systems help users accomplish specific tasks, while open-domain systems aim to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wen-Yu Chang , Yun-Nung Chen

Persuasive dialogue requires reasoning about others' latent mental states, a capability known as Theory of Mind (ToM). However, due to reliance on simple prompting strategies and insufficient ToM knowledge, existing LLMs often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Minghui Ma , Bin Guo , Runze Yang , Mengqi Chen , Yan Liu , Jingqi Liu , Yahan Pei , Xuehao Ma , Qiuyun Zhang , Zhiwen Yu

Recent evidence suggests Large Language Models (LLMs) display Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities. Most ToM experiments place participants in a spectatorial role, wherein they predict and interpret other agents' behavior. However, human ToM also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jared Moore , Ned Cooper , Rasmus Overmark , Beba Cibralic , Nick Haber , Cameron R. Jones

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Cheston Tan

Human interactions are deeply rooted in the interplay of thoughts, beliefs, and desires made possible by Theory of Mind (ToM): our cognitive ability to understand the mental states of ourselves and others. Although ToM may come naturally to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Alex Wilf , Sihyun Shawn Lee , Paul Pu Liang , Louis-Philippe Morency

Leveraging an established exercise in negotiation education, we build a novel dataset for studying how the use of language shapes bilateral bargaining. Our dataset extends existing work in two ways: 1) we recruit participants via behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mourad Heddaya , Solomon Dworkin , Chenhao Tan , Rob Voigt , Alexander Zentefis

While humans are inherently social creatures, the challenge of identifying when and how to assist and collaborate with others - particularly when pursuing independent goals - can hinder cooperation. To address this challenge, we aim to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Matteo Bortoletto , Yichao Zhou , Lance Ying , Tianmin Shu , Andreas Bulling

Understanding an opponent agent helps in negotiating with it. Existing works on understanding opponents focus on preference modeling (or estimating the opponent's utility function). An important but largely unexplored direction is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Ming Li , Pradeep K. Murukannaiah , Catholijn M. Jonker

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to understand and reflect on the mental states of others. Although this capability is crucial for human interaction, testing on Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals that they possess only a rudimentary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Sneheel Sarangi , Maha Elgarf , Hanan Salam

Theory of Mind (ToM) -- the ability to understand that others can have differing knowledge and goals -- enables agents to reason about others' beliefs while planning their own actions. We present a novel approach to multi-agent cooperation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riddhi J. Pitliya , Ozan Çatal , Toon Van de Maele , Corrado Pezzato , Tim Verbelen

The integration of dialogue agents into the sales domain requires a deep understanding of how these systems interact with users possessing diverse personas. This study explores the influence of user personas, defined using the Myers-Briggs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Sijia Cheng , Wen-Yu Chang , Yun-Nung Chen

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a fundamental cognitive architecture that endows humans with the ability to attribute mental states to others. Humans infer the desires, beliefs, and intentions of others by observing their behavior and, in turn,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Chuang Yu , Baris Serhan , Angelo Cangelosi

A natural way to design a negotiation dialogue system is via self-play RL: train an agent that learns to maximize its performance by interacting with a simulated user that has been designed to imitate human-human dialogue data. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Kushal Chawla , Ian Wu , Yu Rong , Gale M. Lucas , Jonathan Gratch

Negotiation is a complex activity involving strategic reasoning, persuasion, and psychology. An average person is often far from an expert in negotiation. Our goal is to assist humans to become better negotiators through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Yiheng Zhou , He He , Alan W Black , Yulia Tsvetkov

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to reason about others' mental states, and higher-order ToM involves considering that others also possess their own ToM. Equipping large language model (LLM)-driven agents with ToM has long been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chunjiang Mu , Ya Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Kun Shao , Chen Chu , Hao Guo , Danyang Jia , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu