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The Hubble constant problem is the discrepancy between different measurements of the Hubble constant in different scales. We show that this problem can be resolved within the general relativistic framework of the perturbation theory in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-23 Masumi Kasai , Toshifumi Futamase

Probability measures by themselves, are known to be inappropriate for modeling the dynamics of plain belief and their excessively strong measurability constraints make them unsuitable for some representational tasks, e.g. in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Emil Weydert

The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of estimating a compactly supported density of probability from noisy observations of its moments. In fact, we provide a statistical approach to the famous Hausdorff classical moment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-09 Thanh Mai Pham Ngoc

A problem of bounding the generalization error of a classifier f in H, where H is a "base" class of functions (classifiers), is considered. This problem frequently occurs in computer learning, where efficient algorithms of combining simple…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Dmitry Panchenko , Fernando Lozano

The Wasserstein barycenter (WB) is an important tool for summarizing sets of probability measures. It finds applications in applied probability, clustering, image processing, etc. When the measures' supports are finite, computing a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Daniel Mimouni , P Malisani , J. Zhu , W. de Oliveira

Propensity score matching is a common tool for adjusting for observed confounding in observational studies, but is known to have limitations in the presence of unmeasured confounding. In many settings, researchers are confronted with…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-08 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Christine Choirat , Corwin Zigler

Spectroscopic measurements can show distorted spectral shapes arising from a mixture of absorbing and scattering contributions. These distortions (or baselines) often manifest themselves as non-constant offsets or low-frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Erik Andries , Ramin Nikzad-Langerodi

Numerical simulation codes are very common tools to study complex phenomena, but they are often time-consuming and considered as black boxes. For some statistical studies (e.g. asset management, sensitivity analysis) or optimization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-14 Vincent Moutoussamy , Simon Nanty , Benoît Pauwels

Computer experiments are becoming increasingly important in scientific investigations. In the presence of uncertainty, analysts employ probabilistic sensitivity methods to identify the key-drivers of change in the quantities of interest.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Isadora Antoniano-Villalobos , Emanuele Borgonovo , Xuefei Lu

Many matching, tracking, sorting, and ranking problems require probabilistic reasoning about possible permutations, a set that grows factorially with dimension. Combinatorial optimization algorithms may enable efficient point estimation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-27 Scott W. Linderman , Gonzalo E. Mena , Hal Cooper , Liam Paninski , John P. Cunningham

Measurement is a fundamental notion in the usual approximate quantum mechanics of measured subsystems. Probabilities are predicted for the outcomes of measurements. State vectors evolve unitarily in between measurements and by reduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-14 James B. Hartle

Given a random sample of points from some unknown density, we propose a data-driven method for estimating density level sets under the r-convexity assumption. This shape condition generalizes the convexity property. However, the main…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Alberto Rodríguez-Casal , Paula Saavedra-Nieves

Sample weighting is widely used in deep learning. A large number of weighting methods essentially utilize the learning difficulty of training samples to calculate their weights. In this study, this scheme is called difficulty-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Xiaoling Zhou , Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Ziyang Liang

As we collect additional samples from a data population for which a known density function estimate may have been previously obtained by a black box method, the increased complexity of the data set may result in the true density being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-28 Dat Do , Nhat Ho , XuanLong Nguyen

The surge of research in image segmentation has yielded remarkable performance gains but also exposed a reproducibility crisis. A major contributor is performance evaluation, where both selection and implementation of metrics play critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Gašper Podobnik , Tomaž Vrtovec

Accurate density estimation methodologies play an integral role in a variety of scientific disciplines, with applications including simulation models, decision support tools, and exploratory data analysis. In the past, histograms and kernel…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-14 Judson B. Locke , Adrian M. Peter

We consider the following classical conjecture of Besicovitch: a $1$-dimensional Borel set in the plane with finite Hausdorff $1$-dimensional measure $\mathcal{H}^1$ which has lower density strictly larger than $\frac{1}{2}$ almost…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-05-27 Camillo De Lellis , Federico Glaudo , Annalisa Massaccesi , Davide Vittone

We prove bounds for the almost sure value of the Hausdorff dimension of the limsup set of a sequence of balls in $\mathbf{R}^d$ whose centres are independent, identically distributed random variables. The formulas obtained involve the rate…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-08-01 Fredrik Ekström , Tomas Persson

In the framework of shape constrained estimation, we review methods and works done in convex set estimation. These methods mostly build on stochastic and convex geometry, empirical process theory, functional analysis, linear programming,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-22 Victor-Emmanuel Brunel

We consider a nonparametric Bayesian approach to estimation and testing for a multivariate monotone density. Instead of following the conventional Bayesian route of putting a prior distribution complying with the monotonicity restriction,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-09 Kang Wang , Subhashis Ghosal