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It has been a long standing problem to securely outsource computation tasks to an untrusted party with integrity and confidentiality guarantees. While fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising technique that allows computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Wenhao Wang , Yichen Jiang , Qintao Shen , Weihao Huang , Hao Chen , Shuang Wang , XiaoFeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Kai Chen , Kristin Lauter , Dongdai Lin

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations on encrypted data by concealing information under noise for security. However, the process of bootstrapping, which resets the noise level in the ciphertext, is computationally expensive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Adiwena Putra , Prasetiyo , Yi Chen , John Kim , Joo-Young Kim

Computational privacy is a property of cryptographic system that ensures the privacy of data being processed at an untrusted server. Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes (FHE) promise to provide such property. Contemporary FHE schemes are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-10 Sashank Dara

The increasing amount of data and the growing complexity of problems has resulted in an ever-growing reliance on cloud computing. However, many applications, most notably in healthcare, finance or defense, demand security and privacy which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Saransh Gupta , Rosario Cammarota , Tajana Rosing

Privacy-preserving computation techniques like homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party computation (SMPC) enhance data security by enabling processing on encrypted data. However, the significant computational and CPU-DRAM data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Mpoki Mwaisela

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is known to be extremely computationally-intensive, application-specific accelerators emerged as a powerful solution to narrow the performance gap. Nonetheless, due to the increasing complexities in FHE…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Lin Ding , Song Bian , Penggao He , Yan Xu , Gang Qu , Jiliang Zhang

The paper describes the design and hardware implementation of 32-bit encrypted MIPS processor based on MIPS pipeline architecture. The organization of pipeline stages in such a way that pipeline can be clocked at high frequency. Encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Kirat Pal Singh , Dilip Kumar

Performing smart computations in a context of cloud computing and big data is highly appreciated today. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a smart category of encryption schemes that allows working with the data in its encrypted form. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ahmed El-Yahyaoui , Mohamed Dafir Ech-Chrif El Kettani

Cryptographic computations are fundamental to modern computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. However, these operations are highly vulnerable to power side-channel attacks that exploit variations in power consumption to leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Amisha Srivastava , Muskan Porwal , Kanad Basu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows a third party to perform arbitrary computations on encrypted data, learning neither the inputs nor the computation results. Hence, it provides resilience in situations where computations are carried…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Alexander Viand , Patrick Jattke , Anwar Hithnawi

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is in the spotlight as a definitive solution for privacy, but the high computational overhead of FHE poses a challenge to its practical adoption. Although prior studies have attempted to design ASIC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sangpyo Kim , Jongmin Kim , Jaeyoung Choi , Jung Ho Ahn

Verifiable Secret-Sharing (VSS) is a fundamental primitive in secure distributed computing. It is used as a building block in several distributed computing tasks, such as Byzantine agreement and secure multi-party computation. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Anirudh Chandramouli , Ashish Choudhury , Arpita Patra

We propose a secure inference protocol for a distributed setting involving a single server node and multiple client nodes. We assume that the observed data vector is partitioned across multiple client nodes while the deep learning model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shuangyi Chen , Yue Ju , Zhongwen Zhu , Ashish Khisti

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their transition to heterogeneous mixed-criticality systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Alessandro Ottaviano , Thomas Benz , Robert Balas , Matteo Perotti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

As the demand for machine learning-based inference increases in tandem with concerns about privacy, there is a growing recognition of the need for secure machine learning, in which secret models can be used to classify private data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Raghav Malik , Vidush Singhal , Benjamin Gottfried , Milind Kulkarni

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become an important long-term pursuit in this era of artificial intelligence (AI). Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a uniquely promising solution, offering provable privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Cory Brynds , Parker McLeod , Lauren Caccamise , Asmita Pal , Dewan Saiham , Sazadur Rahman , Joshua San Miguel , Di Wu

Processor design and verification require a synergistic approach that combines instruction-level functional simulations with precise hardware emulations. The trade-off between speed and accuracy in the instruction set simulation poses a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kun Qin , Xiaorang Guo , Martin Schulz , Carsten Trinitis

By exploiting the modular RISC-V ISA this paper presents the customization of instruction set with posit\textsuperscript{\texttrademark} arithmetic instructions to provide improved numerical accuracy, well-defined behavior and increased…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Federico Rossi , Francesco Urbani , Marco Cococcioni , Emanuele Ruffaldi , Sergio Saponara