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A nonparametric anomalous hypothesis testing problem is investigated, in which there are totally n sequences with s anomalous sequences to be detected. Each typical sequence contains m independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Shaofeng Zou , Yingbin Liang , H. Vincent Poor , Xinghua Shi

We propose novel kernel-based tests for assessing the equivalence between distributions. Traditional goodness-of-fit testing is inappropriate for concluding the absence of distributional differences, because failure to reject the null…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xing Liu , Axel Gandy

We introduce a rigorous and sensitive significance test for hyperuniformity that yields reliable results even from a single sample. Our approach is based on a detailed analysis of the empirical Fourier transform of a stationary point…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Michael A. Klatt , Günter Last , Norbert Henze

The goal of two-sample tests is to assess whether two samples, $S_P \sim P^n$ and $S_Q \sim Q^m$, are drawn from the same distribution. Perhaps intriguingly, one relatively unexplored method to build two-sample tests is the use of binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-14 David Lopez-Paz , Maxime Oquab

In this paper, for the problem of heteroskedastic general linear hypothesis testing (GLHT) in high-dimensional settings, we propose a random integration method based on the reference L2-norm to deal with such problems. The asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Mingxiang Cao , Hongwei Zhang , Kai Xu , Daojiang He

In a novel approach to the multiple testing problem, Efron (2004; 2007) formulated estimators of the distribution of test statistics or nominal p-values under a null distribution suitable for modeling the data of thousands of unaffected…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-30 David R. Bickel

The network data has attracted considerable attention in modern statistics. In research on complex network data, one key issue is finding its underlying connection structure given a network sample. The methods that have been proposed in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-09 Kang Fu , Jianwei Hu , Seydou Keita

Several methods in survival analysis are based on the proportional hazards assumption. However, this assumption is very restrictive and often not justifiable in practice. Therefore, effect estimands that do not rely on the proportional…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-20 Merle Munko , Marc Ditzhaus , Dennis Dobler , Jon Genuneit

Statistical inference often conflates the probability of a parameter with the probability of a hypothesis, a critical misunderstanding termed the ultimate issue error. This error is pervasive across the social, biological, and medical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-07 Stanley E. Lazic

Fisherian randomization inference is often dismissed as testing an uninteresting and implausible hypothesis: the sharp null of no effects whatsoever. We show that this view is overly narrow. Many randomization tests are also valid under a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-22 Devin Caughey , Allan Dafoe , Luke Miratrix

We theoretically analyze the problem of testing for $p$-hacking based on distributions of $p$-values across multiple studies. We provide general results for when such distributions have testable restrictions (are non-increasing) under the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-13 Graham Elliott , Nikolay Kudrin , Kaspar Wuthrich

Many practical studies rely on hypothesis testing procedures applied to data sets with missing information. An important part of the analysis is to determine the impact of the missing data on the performance of the test, and this can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-15 Dan L. Nicolae , Xiao-Li Meng , Augustine Kong

Most existing methods for testing equality of means of functional data from multiple populations rely on assumptions of equal covariance and/or Gaussianity. In this work we provide a new testing method based on a statistic that is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Chuang Xu , Andrew T. A. Wood , Yanrong Yang

In multiple classification, one aims to determine whether a testing sequence is generated from the same distribution as one of the M training sequences or not. Unlike most of existing studies that focus on discrete-valued sequences with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Lina Zhu , Lin Zhou

Research often necessitates of samples, yet obtaining large enough samples is not always possible. When it is, the researcher may use one of two methods for deciding upon the required sample size: rules-of-thumb, quick yet uncertain, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-08 Jose D. Perezgonzalez

The limit joint distribution of statistics that are generalizations of some statistics from the NIST STS, TestU01, and other packages is found under the following hypotheses $H_0$ and $H_1$. Hypothesis $H_0$ states that the tested sequence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 M. P. Savelov

Network datasets appear across a wide range of scientific fields, including biology, physics, and the social sciences. To enable data-driven discoveries from these networks, statistical inference techniques like estimation and hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-19 Arpan Kumar , Minh Tang , Srijan Sengupta

Comparisons of different treatments or production processes are the goals of a significant fraction of applied research. Unsurprisingly, two-sample problems play a main role in Statistics through natural questions such as `Is the the new…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-05 P. C. Álvarez-Esteban , E. del Barrio , J. A. Cuesta-Albertos , C. Matrán

Testing composite null hypotheses arises in various applications, such as mediation and replicability analyses. The problem becomes more challenging in high-throughput experiments where tens of thousands of features are examined…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Pengfei Lyu , Xianyang Zhang , Hongyuan Cao

The synthetic control method is often applied to problems with one treated unit and a small number of control units. A common inferential task in this setting is to test null hypotheses regarding the average treatment effect on the treated.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Lihua Lei , Timothy Sudijono