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We present a new framework for computing fine-scale solutions of multiscale Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using operator learning tools. Obtaining fine-scale solutions of multiscale PDEs can be challenging, but there are many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Zecheng Zhang , Christian Moya , Wing Tat Leung , Guang Lin , Hayden Schaeffer

Memory complexity and data scarcity have so far prohibited learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) at high resolutions. We address these limitations by introducing a new data efficient and highly parallelizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jean Kossaifi , Nikola Kovachki , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

Operator learning aims to discover properties of an underlying dynamical system or partial differential equation (PDE) from data. Here, we present a step-by-step guide to operator learning. We explain the types of problems and PDEs amenable…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Nicolas Boullé , Alex Townsend

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have emerged as promising surrogates for partial differential equation solvers. In this work, we extensively tested FNOs on a variety of systems with non-linear and non-stationary properties, using a wide…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rad Haghi , Bipin Gaikwad , Abani Patra

Neural operators have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning solution operators of partial differential equa- tions (PDEs) directly from data. Existing methods, such as those based on Fourier or graph techniques, make strong as-…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Noam Koren , Ralf J. J. Mackenbach , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Kira Radinsky , Daniel Freedman

Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets) have recently emerged as powerful data-driven frameworks for learning nonlinear operators, particularly suited for approximating solutions to partial differential equations. Despite their promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Arth Sojitra , Mrigank Dhingra , Omer San

Neural Operators (NOs) provide a powerful framework for computations involving physical laws that can be modelled by (integro-) partial differential equations (PDEs), directly learning maps between infinite-dimensional function spaces that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Gianluca Fabiani , Hannes Vandecasteele , Somdatta Goswami , Constantinos Siettos , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) propose the idea that a sequence of layers in a neural network is just a discretisation of an ODE, and thus can instead be directly modelled by a parameterised ODE. This idea has had…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Christina Runkel , Ander Biguri , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We reconstruct the velocity field of incompressible flows given a finite set of measurements. For the spatial approximation, we introduce the Sparse Fourier divergence-free (SFdf) approximation based on a discrete $L^2$ projection. Within…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-13 Luis Espath , Dmitry Kabanov , Jonas Kiessling , Raúl Tempone

Identifying parameters in partial differential equations (PDEs) represents a very broad class of applied inverse problems. In recent years, several unsupervised learning approaches using (deep) neural networks have been developed to solve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Siyu Cen , Bangti Jin , Qimeng Quan , Zhi Zhou

We propose PROSE-FD, a zero-shot multimodal PDE foundational model for simultaneous prediction of heterogeneous two-dimensional physical systems related to distinct fluid dynamics settings. These systems include shallow water equations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuxuan Liu , Jingmin Sun , Xinjie He , Griffin Pinney , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

This paper explores the efficacy of diffusion-based generative models as neural operators for partial differential equations (PDEs). Neural operators are neural networks that learn a mapping from the parameter space to the solution space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Katsiaryna Haitsiukevich , Onur Poyraz , Pekka Marttinen , Alexander Ilin

Neural operators as novel neural architectures for fast approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs), have shown considerable promise for future scientific computing. However, the mainstream of training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tengfei Xu , Dachuan Liu , Peng Hao , Bo Wang

Neural operators serve as universal approximators for general continuous operators. In this paper, we derive the approximation rate of solution operators for the nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs), contributing to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Takashi Furuya , Koichi Taniguchi , Satoshi Okuda

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), via their induced flow maps, provide a powerful framework to parameterize invertible transformations for the purpose of representing complex probability distributions. While such models have achieved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Sven Wang , Jakob Zech

This article presents a three-step framework for learning and solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using kernel methods. Given a training set consisting of pairs of noisy PDE solutions and source/boundary terms on a mesh, kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-03 Da Long , Nicole Mrvaljevic , Shandian Zhe , Bamdad Hosseini

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are central to scientific modeling. Modern workflows increasingly rely on learning-based components to support model reuse, inference, and integration across large computational processes. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yilong Dai , Shengyu Chen , Ziyi Wang , Xiaowei Jia , Yiqun Xie , Vipin Kumar , Runlong Yu

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) excel on tasks using functional data, such as those originating from partial differential equations. Such characteristics render them an effective approach for simulating the time evolution of quantum…

FourNetFlows, the abbreviation of Fourier Neural Network for Airfoil Flows, is an efficient model that provides quick and accurate predictions of steady airfoil flows. We choose the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) as the backbone architecture…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-12 Yuanjun Dai , Yiran An , Zhi Li

The integral equation approach to partial differential equations (PDEs) provides significant advantages in the numerical solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In particular, the divergence-free condition and boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Ludvig af Klinteberg , Travis Askham , Mary Catherine Kropinski