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Scaling test-time compute brings substantial performance gains for large language models (LLMs). By sampling multiple answers and heuristically aggregate their answers (e.g., either through majority voting or using verifiers to rank the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jianing Qi , Xi Ye , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu , Eunsol Choi

The small sample imbalance (S&I) problem is a major challenge in machine learning and data analysis. It is characterized by a small number of samples and an imbalanced class distribution, which leads to poor model performance. In addition,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shuxian Zhao , Jie Gui , Minjing Dong , Baosheng Yu , Zhipeng Gui , Lu Dong , Yuan Yan Tang , James Tin-Yau Kwok

Few-shot Learning aims to learn classifiers for new classes with only a few training examples per class. Existing meta-learning or metric-learning based few-shot learning approaches are limited in handling diverse domains with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Yu Cheng , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Bowen Zhou

Automated Machine Learning has grown very successful in automating the time-consuming, iterative tasks of machine learning model development. However, current methods struggle when the data is imbalanced. Since many real-world datasets are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Prabhant Singh , Joaquin Vanschoren

Using in-context learning (ICL) for data generation, techniques such as Self-Instruct (Wang et al., 2023) or the follow-up Alpaca (Taori et al., 2023) can train strong conversational agents with only a small amount of human supervision. One…

Meta-learning is a general approach to equip machine learning models with the ability to handle few-shot scenarios when dealing with many tasks. Most existing meta-learning methods work based on the assumption that all tasks are of equal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhaofeng Si , Shu Hu , Kaiyi Ji , Siwei Lyu

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has achieved great success in overcoming the difficulties of labeling and making full use of unlabeled data. However, SSL has a limited assumption that the numbers of samples in different classes are balanced,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Minsung Hyun , Jisoo Jeong , Nojun Kwak

Imbalanced regression occurs when continuous target variables have skewed distributions, creating sparse regions that are difficult for machine learning models to predict accurately. This issue particularly affects neural networks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shayan Alahyari , Mike Domaratzki

Imbalanced Data (ID) is a problem that deters Machine Learning (ML) models for achieving satisfactory results. ID is the occurrence of a situation where the quantity of the samples belonging to one class outnumbers that of the other by a…

This paper introduces a new framework for data efficient and versatile learning. Specifically: 1) We develop ML-PIP, a general framework for Meta-Learning approximate Probabilistic Inference for Prediction. ML-PIP extends existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-14 Jonathan Gordon , John Bronskill , Matthias Bauer , Sebastian Nowozin , Richard E. Turner

By searching for shared inductive biases across tasks, meta-learning promises to accelerate learning on novel tasks, but with the cost of solving a complex bilevel optimization problem. We introduce and rigorously define the trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Katelyn Gao , Ozan Sener

Real-world datasets are often highly class-imbalanced, which can adversely impact the performance of deep learning models. The majority of research on training neural networks under class imbalance has focused on specialized loss functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Micah Goldblum , Yucen Lily Li , C. Bayan Bruss , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We introduce the Meta Highly-Adaptive-Lasso Minimum Loss Estimator (M-HAL-MLE), a novel ensemble approach for estimating functional parameters of realistically modeled data distribution from independent and identically distributed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-28 Zeyi Wang , Wenxin Zhang , Brian S Caffo , Martin Lindquist , Mark van der Laan

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu

In Meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL) an agent is trained on a set of tasks to prepare for and learn faster in new, unseen, but related tasks. The training tasks are usually hand-crafted to be representative of the expected distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Ricardo Luna Gutierrez , Matteo Leonetti

Imbalanced-learn is an open-source python toolbox aiming at providing a wide range of methods to cope with the problem of imbalanced dataset frequently encountered in machine learning and pattern recognition. The implemented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Guillaume Lemaitre , Fernando Nogueira , Christos K. Aridas

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to acquire new classes over time while retaining prior knowledge, yet most setups and methods assume balanced task streams. In practice, the number of classes per task often varies significantly. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xiaoyan Zhang , Jiangpeng He

Shared autonomy holds promise for improving the usability and accessibility of assistive robotic arms, but current methods often rely on costly expert demonstrations and remain static after pretraining, limiting their ability to handle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yiran Tao , Guixiu Qiao , Dan Ding , Zackory Erickson

Extreme learning machine (ELM) as a neural network algorithm has shown its good performance, such as fast speed, simple structure etc, but also, weak robustness is an unavoidable defect in original ELM for blended data. We present a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Bo Han , Bo He , Rui Nian , Mengmeng Ma , Shujing Zhang , Minghui Li , Amaury Lendasse

The class imbalance problem is important and challenging. Ensemble approaches are widely used to tackle this problem because of their effectiveness. However, existing ensemble methods are always applied into original samples, while not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Fan Li , Xiaoheng Zhang , Yongming Li , Pin Wang
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