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Inference scaling methods for LLMs often rely on decomposing problems into steps (or groups of tokens), followed by sampling and selecting the best next steps. However, these steps and their sizes are often predetermined or manually…

The Fenwick tree is a classical implicit data structure that stores an array in such a way that modifying an element, accessing an element, computing a prefix sum and performing a predecessor search on prefix sums all take logarithmic time.…

Patch reviewing is critical for software development, especially in distributed open-source development, which highly depends on voluntary work, such as Linux. This paper studies the past 10 years of patch reviews of the Linux memory…

We describe a tracking technique for Linux devices, exploiting a new TCP source port generation mechanism recently introduced to the Linux kernel. This mechanism is based on an algorithm, standardized in RFC 6056, for boosting security by…

Staircases are some of the most common building structures in urban environments. Stair detection is an important task for various applications, including the environmental perception of exoskeleton robots, humanoid robots, and rescue…

Virtual Reality (VR) applications require high data rate for a high-quality immersive experience, in addition to low latency to avoid dizziness and motion sickness. One of the key wireless VR challenges is providing seamless connectivity…

Code retrieval, which retrieves code snippets based on users' natural language descriptions, is widely used by developers and plays a pivotal role in real-world software development. The advent of deep learning has shifted the retrieval…

High development velocity is critical for modern systems. This is especially true for Linux file systems which are seeing increased pressure from new storage devices and new demands on storage systems. However, high velocity Linux kernel…

Disk-based graph indexes for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) must serve latency-sensitive queries and throughput-demanding updates concurrently. We observe that over 40% of search-thread CPU time is spent stalling on disk I/O;…

The page cache is a central part of an OS. It reduces repeated accesses to storage by deciding which pages to retain in memory. As a result, the page cache has a significant impact on the performance of many applications. However, its…

IP lookup via Longest Prefix Match (LPM) is critical for packet forwarding. Unfortunately, conventional lookup algorithms are inefficient for IPv6 Forwarding Information Bases (FIBs), which are characterized by a set of long prefixes with…

Restricting path tracing to a small number of paths per pixel for performance reasons rarely achieves a satisfactory image quality for scenes of interest. However, path space filtering may dramatically improve the visual quality by sharing…

Phase retrieval deals with the estimation of complex-valued signals solely from the magnitudes of linear measurements. While there has been a recent explosion in the development of phase retrieval algorithms, the lack of a common interface…

Cost Surfaces are a quantitative means of assigning social, environmental, and engineering costs that impact movement across landscapes. Cost surfaces are a crucial aspect of route optimization and least cost path (LCP) calculations and are…

Modern large multicore systems often run multiple workloads that share CPUs under schedulers such as Linux CFS. To keep CPUs busy, these schedulers load-balance runnable work, causing each workload to execute on many cores. This weakens…

Emerging high performance non-volatile memories recall the importance of efficient file system design. To avoid the virtual file system (VFS) and syscall overhead as in these kernel-based file systems, recent works deploy file systems…

The rapid growth of AI has fueled the expansion of accelerator- or GPU-based data centers. However, the rising operational energy consumption has emerged as a critical bottleneck and a major sustainability concern. Dynamic Voltage and…

NAT gateway is an important network system in today's IPv4 network when translating a private IPv4 address to a public address. However, traditional NAT system based on Linux Netfilter cannot achieve high network throughput to meet modern…

Finding good configurations for a software system is often challenging since the number of configuration options can be large. Software engineers often make poor choices about configuration or, even worse, they usually use a sub-optimal…

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by using smaller draft models to generate candidate tokens for parallel verification. However, current approaches are limited by sequential stage dependencies that prevent full…