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The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

Pre-trained Language Models (LMs) have become an integral part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in recent years, due to their superior performance in downstream applications. In spite of this resounding success, the usability of LMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Omid Rohanian , Samaneh Kouchaki , David A. Clifton

Current transformer language models (LM) are large-scale models with billions of parameters. They have been shown to provide high performances on a variety of tasks but are also prone to shortcut learning and bias. Addressing such incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Felix Friedrich , Wolfgang Stammer , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

Recent advancements in Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated notable success in self-supervised representation learning across various tasks. However, the existing CLIP-like approaches often demand extensive GPU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuexi Du , Brian Chang , Nicha C. Dvornek

Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model via the contrastive learning framework with a large amount of unlabeled sentences or labeled sentence pairs is a common way to obtain high-quality sentence representations. Although the contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

The content on the web is in a constant state of flux. New entities, issues, and ideas continuously emerge, while the semantics of the existing conversation topics gradually shift. In recent years, pre-trained language models like BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Tao Chen , Mingyang Zhang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful models for generation tasks, but they may not generate good quality outputs in their first attempt. Apart from model fine-tuning, existing approaches to improve prediction accuracy and quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jason Cai , Hang Su , Monica Sunkara , Igor Shalyminov , Saab Mansour

This paper presents a semantic course recommendation system for students using a self-supervised contrastive learning approach built upon BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). Traditional BERT embeddings suffer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ali Khreis , Anthony Nasr , Yusuf Hilal

Current interpretability methods focus on explaining a particular model's decision through present input features. Such methods do not inform the user of the sufficient conditions that alter these decisions when they are not desirable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Julia El Zini , Mohammad Mansour , Mariette Awad

Contextualized word representations, such as ELMo and BERT, were shown to perform well on various semantic and syntactic tasks. In this work, we tackle the task of unsupervised disentanglement between semantics and structure in neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Shauli Ravfogel , Yanai Elazar , Jacob Goldberger , Yoav Goldberg

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on huge amounts of textual data, and concerns have been raised that the limits of such data may soon be reached. A potential solution is to train on synthetic data sampled from LLMs. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jannek Ulm , Kevin Du , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson

Pre-trained language models have proven their unique powers in capturing implicit language features. However, most pre-training approaches focus on the word-level training objective, while sentence-level objectives are rarely studied. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuofeng Wu , Sinong Wang , Jiatao Gu , Madian Khabsa , Fei Sun , Hao Ma

The BERT model has arisen as a popular state-of-the-art machine learning model in the recent years that is able to cope with multiple NLP tasks such as supervised text classification without human supervision. Its flexibility to cope with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Santiago González-Carvajal , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

Natural language processing (NLP) in the medical domain can underperform in real-world applications involving small datasets in a non-English language with few labeled samples and imbalanced classes. There is yet no consensus on how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Vincent Beliveau , Helene Kaas , Martin Prener , Claes N. Ladefoged , Desmond Elliott , Gitte M. Knudsen , Lars H. Pinborg , Melanie Ganz

Fine-tuning pre-trained contextualized embedding models has become an integral part of the NLP pipeline. At the same time, probing has emerged as a way to investigate the linguistic knowledge captured by pre-trained models. Very little is,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Marius Mosbach , Anna Khokhlova , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

Transformer-based language models trained on large text corpora have enjoyed immense popularity in the natural language processing community and are commonly used as a starting point for downstream tasks. While these models are undeniably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Vinitra Swamy , Angelika Romanou , Martin Jaggi

Large Language Models (LLMs) may portray discrimination towards certain individuals, especially those characterized by multiple attributes (aka intersectional bias). Discovering intersectional bias in LLMs is challenging, as it involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Badr Souani , Ezekiel Soremekun , Mike Papadakis , Setsuko Yokoyama , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Yves Le Traon

Self-supervised learning methods are gaining increasing traction in computer vision due to their recent success in reducing the gap with supervised learning. In natural language processing (NLP) self-supervised learning and transformers are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Sara Atito , Muhammad Awais , Josef Kittler

Citation classification, which identifies the intention behind academic citations, is pivotal for scholarly analysis. Previous works suggest fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) on citation classification datasets, reaping the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tong Li , Jiachuan Wang , Yongqi Zhang , Shuangyin Li , Lei Chen

Adversarial training, which minimizes the maximal risk for label-preserving input perturbations, has proved to be effective for improving the generalization of language models. In this work, we propose a novel adversarial training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Chen Zhu , Yu Cheng , Zhe Gan , Siqi Sun , Tom Goldstein , Jingjing Liu