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Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental building block for numerous applications. In this paper, we propose CSR5 (Compressed Sparse Row 5), a new storage format, which offers high-throughput SpMV on various platforms…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Weifeng Liu , Brian Vinter

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an energy-efficient solution by utilizing the spike-based and sparse nature of biological systems. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on long…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yan Zhong , Ruoyu Zhao , Chao Wang , Qinghai Guo , Jianguo Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Luziwei Leng

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning. When the data being processed are sensitive, preserving privacy becomes critical, and homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yang Gao , Gang Quan , Wujie Wen , Scott Piersall , Qian Lou , Liqiang Wang

Reducing the memory footprint of neural networks is a crucial prerequisite for deploying them in small and low-cost embedded devices. Network parameters can often be reduced significantly through pruning. We discuss how to best represent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Elias Trommer , Bernd Waschneck , Akash Kumar

Large matrix multiplication is a cornerstone of modern machine learning workloads, yet traditional approaches suffer from cubic computational complexity (e.g., $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ for a matrix of size $n\times n$). We present Low-Rank GEMM,…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alfredo Metere

The exponentially growing model size drives the continued success of deep learning, but it brings prohibitive computation and memory cost. From the algorithm perspective, model sparsification and quantization have been studied to alleviate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Shigang Li , Kazuki Osawa , Torsten Hoefler

Kernel matrix-vector multiplication (KMVM) is a foundational operation in machine learning and scientific computing. However, as KMVM tends to scale quadratically in both memory and time, applications are often limited by these…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Robert Hu , Siu Lun Chau , Dino Sejdinovic , Joan Alexis Glaunès

Parallel training of neural networks at scale is challenging due to significant overheads arising from communication. Recently, deep learning researchers have developed a variety of pruning algorithms that are capable of pruning (i.e.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Siddharth Singh , Abhinav Bhatele

Matrix-matrix multiplication is a basic operation in linear algebra and an essential building block for a wide range of algorithms in various scientific fields. Theory and implementation for the dense, square matrix case are well-developed.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Alfio Lazzaro , Joost VandeVondele , Juerg Hutter , Ole Schuett

We suggest a technique to reduce the storage size of sparse matrices at no loss of information. We call this technique Diagonally-Adressed (DA) storage. It exploits the typically low matrix bandwidth of matrices arising in applications. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Jens Saak , Jonas Schulze

Tree-based models underpin many modern semantic search engines and recommender systems due to their sub-linear inference times. In industrial applications, these models operate at extreme scales, where every bit of performance is critical.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Philip A. Etter , Kai Zhong , Hsiang-Fu Yu , Lexing Ying , Inderjit Dhillon

We present the submatrix method, a highly parallelizable method for the approximate calculation of inverse p-th roots of large sparse symmetric matrices which are required in different scientific applications. We follow the idea of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Michael Lass , Stephan Mohr , Hendrik Wiebeler , Thomas D. Kühne , Christian Plessl

Database algorithms play a crucial part in systems biology studies by identifying proteins from mass spectrometry data. Many of these database search algorithms incur huge computational costs by computing similarity scores for each pair of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Sumesh Kumar , Fahad Saeed

In classification problems with large output spaces (up to millions of labels), the last layer can require an enormous amount of memory. Using sparse connectivity would drastically reduce the memory requirements, but as we show below, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Erik Schultheis , Rohit Babbar

Despite numerous efforts for optimizing the performance of Sparse Matrix and Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on modern hardware architectures, few works are done to its sparse counterpart, Sparse Matrix and Sparse Vector Multiplication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Min Li , Yulong Ao , Chao Yang

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a critical operation underpinning a wide range of applications in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The emergence of hardware optimized for low-precision arithmetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiao Zhang , Rabab Alomairy , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao

Currently, progressively larger deep neural networks are trained on ever growing data corpora. As this trend is only going to increase in the future, distributed training schemes are becoming increasingly relevant. A major issue in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Felix Sattler , Simon Wiedemann , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is central to numerous data-intensive applications, but requires streaming indirect memory accesses that severely degrade both processing and memory throughput in state-of-the-art architectures.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Chi Zhang , Paul Scheffler , Thomas Benz , Matteo Perotti , Luca Benini

Matrix computations are a fundamental building-block of edge computing systems, with a major recent uptick in demand due to their use in AI/ML training and inference procedures. Existing approaches for distributing matrix computations…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Anindya Bijoy Das , Aditya Ramamoorthy , David J. Love , Christopher G. Brinton

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is one of the most common operations in scientific and high-performance applications, and is often responsible for the application performance bottleneck. While the sparse matrix representation has…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Shizhao Chen , Jianbin Fang , Donglin Chen , Chuanfu Xu , Zheng Wang