Related papers: Cloudy in the microcalorimeter era: improved energ…
The upcoming X-ray missions based on the microcalorimeter technology require exquisite precision in spectral simulation codes in order to match the unprecedented spectral resolution. In this work, we improve the fluorescence K$\alpha$…
With the launch of the XRISM microcalorimeter mission, space-based X-ray observations will achieve a record spectral resolving power of $R\equiv E/\Delta E\sim$1200. With this resolving power, emission features associated with…
We present the 2025 release of the spectral synthesis code Cloudy, highlighting significant enhancements to the scope and accuracy of the physics which have been made since the previous release. A major part of this development involves…
We describe the 2017 release of the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. A major development since the previous release has been exporting the atomic data into external data files. This greatly simplifies updates and maintenance of the data.…
We announce the C23.01 update of Cloudy. This corrects a simple coding error, present since $\sim$ 1990, in one routine that required a conversion from the line-center to the mean normalization of the Ly$\alpha$ optical depth. This affects…
This is a summary of the 2013 release of the plasma simulation code Cloudy. Cloudy models the ionization, chemical, and thermal state of material that may be exposed to an external radiation field or other source of heating, and predicts…
We describe a new atomic and molecular database we developed for use in the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. The design of Stout is driven by the data needs of Cloudy, which simulates molecular, atomic, and ionized gas with kinetic…
We present a simple, yet powerful column density diagnostic for plasmas enabled by X-ray microcalorimeter observations. With the recent developments of the spectral simulation code Cloudy, inspired by the high spectral resolution of the…
We discuss new functionality of the spectral simulation code CLOUDY which allows the user to calculate grids with one or more initial parameters varied and formats the predicted spectra in the standard FITS format. These files can then be…
Transition edge sensor microcalorimeters can measure x-ray and gamma-ray energies with very high energy resolution and high photon-collection efficiency. For this technology to reach its full potential in future x-ray observatories, each…
We have generated strongly photoionized Ar plasmas in experiments designed to use primarily X-ray L-shell line emission generated from Ag foils irradiated by the VULCAN high-power laser at the UK Central Laser Facility. The principle of the…
We discuss recent improvements in the calculation of the radiative cooling in both collisionally and photo ionized plasmas. We are extending the spectral simulation code Cloudy so that as much as possible of the underlying atomic data is…
Here we present our current updates of the gas-phase chemical reaction rates and molecular lines in the spectral synthesis code CLOUDY, and its implications in spectroscopic modelling of various astrophysical environments. We include energy…
We present an extension to the short-characteristic ray-tracing and non-equilibrium photon-ionization code C2Ray. The new version includes the effects of helium and improved multi-frequency heating. The motivation for this work is to be…
We present version 8 of the CHIANTI database. This version includes a large amount of new data and ions, which represent a significant improvement in the soft X-ray, EUV and UV spectral regions, which several space missions currently cover.…
Using novel metallic magnetic calorimeter detectors at the CRYRING@ESR, we recorded X-ray spectra of stored and electron cooled helium-like uranium (U$^{90+}$) with an unmatched spectral resolution of close to 90 eV. This allowed for an…
This paper describes the most important differences between Cloudy 90 and Cloudy 94, the most recent upgrade of the code which has now been posted on the WWW. It also describes the upgrade of the grain model in Cloudy which is currently…
Atomic and molecular data are required to conduct detailed calculations of microphysical processes performed by CLOUDY to predict the spectra of a theoretical model. One of the three databases CLOUDY currently utilizes is CHIANTI version…
High granularity calorimeters have become increasingly crucial in modern particle physics experiments, and their importance is set to grow even further in the future. The CLUstering of Energy (CLUE) algorithm has shown excellent performance…
We present ion-by-ion cooling efficiencies for low-density gas. We use Cloudy (ver. 08.00) to estimate the cooling efficiencies for each ion of the first 30 elements (H-Zn) individually. We present results for gas temperatures between 1e4…