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The Gaussian process (GP) is a popular statistical technique for stochastic function approximation and uncertainty quantification from data. GPs have been adopted into the realm of machine learning in the last two decades because of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-02 Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Mark D. Risser

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-27 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian Process (GP) models provide a flexible framework for prediction and uncertainty quantification. For most covariance functions, however, exact GP prediction with $n$ points scales as $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$, making it prohibitively…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-29 Samanyu Arora , Christopher J. Geoga

Active learning of Gaussian process (GP) surrogates has been useful for optimizing experimental designs for physical/computer simulation experiments, and for steering data acquisition schemes in machine learning. In this paper, we develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Chiwoo Park , Robert Waelder , Bonggwon Kang , Benji Maruyama , Soondo Hong , Robert Gramacy

We present a two-stage Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for sampling probabilistic models, whose log-likelihood is computationally expensive to evaluate, by using a surrogate Gaussian Process (GP) model. The key feature of the approach, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-29 Alessio Benavoli , Jason Wyse , Arthur White

Estimating causal effects in quasi-experiments with spatio-temporal panel data often requires adjusting for unmeasured confounding that varies across space and time. Gaussian Processes (GPs) offer a flexible, nonparametric modeling approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Sofia L. Vega , Rachel C. Nethery

Obtaining accurate estimates of satellite drag coefficients in low Earth orbit is a crucial component in positioning and collision avoidance. Simulators can produce accurate estimates, but their computational expense is much too large for…

Computation · Statistics 2019-06-25 Furong Sun , Robert B. Gramacy , Benjamin Haaland , Earl Lawrence , Andrew Walker

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

Gaussian processes (GPs) are powerful and widely used probabilistic regression models, but their effectiveness in practice is often limited by the choice of kernel function. This kernel function is typically handcrafted from a small set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jihao Andreas Lin , Sebastian Ament , Louis C. Tiao , David Eriksson , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian non-parametric models popular in a variety of applications due to their accuracy and native uncertainty quantification (UQ). Tuning GP hyperparameters is critical to ensure the validity of prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Killian Wood , Alec M. Dunton , Amanda Muyskens , Benjamin W. Priest

Gaussian process (GP) surrogate modeling for large computer experiments is limited by cubic runtimes, especially with data from stochastic simulations with input-dependent noise. A popular workaround to reduce computational complexity…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-01 D Austin Cole , Robert B Gramacy , Mike Ludkovski

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are powerful kernelized methods for non-parameteric regression used in many applications. However, their use is limited to a few thousand of training samples due to their cubic time complexity. In order to scale GPs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-20 Manuel Schürch , Dario Azzimonti , Alessio Benavoli , Marco Zaffalon

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) upgrade ordinary GPs through functional composition, in which intermediate GP layers warp the original inputs, providing flexibility to model non-stationary dynamics. Two DGP regimes have emerged in recent…

Computation · Statistics 2022-08-16 Annie Sauer , Andrew Cooper , Robert B. Gramacy

Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) are multi-layer, flexible extensions of Gaussian processes but their training remains challenging. Sparse approximations simplify the training but often require optimization over a large number of inducing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-20 Ayush Jain , P. K. Srijith , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan

Several applications such as nuclear forensics, nuclear fuel cycle simulations and sensitivity analysis require methods to quickly compute spent fuel nuclide compositions for various irradiation histories. Traditionally, this has been done…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Antonio Figueroa , Malte Goettsche

Bayesian Optimization is a popular approach for optimizing expensive black-box functions. Its key idea is to use a surrogate model to approximate the objective and, importantly, quantify the associated uncertainty that allows a sequential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-05 Haoxian Chen , Henry Lam

Bayesian posterior distributions arising in modern applications, including inverse problems in partial differential equation models in tomography and subsurface flow, are often computationally intractable due to the large computational cost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-10 Tapio Helin , Andrew Stuart , Aretha Teckentrup , Konstantinos Zygalakis

Gaussian Processes (GPs) are widely recognized as powerful non-parametric models for regression and classification. Traditional GP frameworks predominantly operate under the assumption that the inputs are either accurately known or subject…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Muzaffar Qureshi , Tochukwu Elijah Ogri , Zachary I. Bell , Wanjiku A. Makumi , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

We present an adaptive approach to the construction of Gaussian process surrogates for Bayesian inference with expensive-to-evaluate forward models. Our method relies on the fully Bayesian approach to training Gaussian process models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-01 Timur Takhtaganov , Juliane Müller