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This paper addresses a variant of multi-agent path finding (MAPF) in continuous space and time. We present a new solving approach based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) to obtain makespan optimal solutions. The standard MAPF is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Pavel Surynek

Motion planning is a crucial aspect of robot autonomy as it involves identifying a feasible motion path to a destination while taking into consideration various constraints, such as input, safety, and performance constraints, without…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Dengyu Zhang , Guobin Zhu , Qingrui Zhang

The development and application of large language models (LLM) have demonstrated that foundational models can be utilized to solve a wide array of tasks. However, their performance in multi-agent path finding (MAPF) tasks has been less than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Pu Feng , Size Wang , Yuhong Cao , Junkang Liang , Rongye Shi , Wenjun Wu

Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

In recent years, Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) has attracted attention from the fields of both Operations Research (OR) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, in the 2021 Flatland3 Challenge, a competition on MAPF, the best RL method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Yuhao Jiang , Kunjie Zhang , Qimai Li , Jiaxin Chen , Xiaolong Zhu

We propose an approach to learning agents for active robotic mapping, where the goal is to map the environment as quickly as possible. The agent learns to map efficiently in simulated environments by receiving rewards corresponding to how…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Shane Barratt

Learning cooperative multi-agent policies directly from high-dimensional, multimodal sensory inputs like pixels and audio (from pixels) is notoriously sample-inefficient. Model-free Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sureyya Akin , Kavita Srivastava , Prateek B. Kapoor , Pradeep G. Sethi , Sunita Q. Patel , Rahu Srivastava

Collaborative multi-agent exploration of unknown environments is crucial for search and rescue operations. Effective real-world deployment must address challenges such as limited inter-agent communication and static and dynamic obstacles.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Gabriele Calzolari , Vidya Sumathy , Christoforos Kanellakis , George Nikolakopoulos

Solving the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem optimally is known to be NP-Hard for both make-span and total arrival time minimization. While many algorithms have been developed to solve MAPF problems, there is no dominating optimal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jingyao Ren , Vikraman Sathiyanarayanan , Eric Ewing , Baskin Senbaslar , Nora Ayanian

Multi-Agent Combinatorial Path Finding (MCPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their initial locations to destinations, visiting a set of intermediate target locations in the middle of the paths, while minimizing the sum…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanhang Zhang , Xuemian Wu , Hesheng Wang , Zhongqiang Ren

Digital Twins (DTs) are transforming industries through advanced data processing and analysis, positioning the world of DTs, Digital World, as a cornerstone of nextgeneration technologies including embodied AI. As robotics and automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Arman Dogru , R. Irem Bor-Yaliniz , Nimal Gamini Senarath

Since more and more algorithms are proposed for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) and each of them has its strengths, choosing the correct one for a specific scenario that fulfills some specified requirements is an important task. Previous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Zhihan Wang , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

In this work, we consider the Multi-Agent Pickup-and-Delivery (MAPD) problem, where agents constantly engage with new tasks and need to plan collision-free paths to execute them. To execute a task, an agent needs to visit a pair of goal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Qinghong Xu , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig , Hang Ma

Mobile robots are often tasked with repeatedly navigating through an environment whose traversability changes over time. These changes may exhibit some hidden structure, which can be learned. Many studies consider reactive algorithms for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Florence Tsang , Tristan Walker , Ryan A. MacDonald , Armin Sadeghi , Stephen L. Smith

The multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem asks to find a set of paths on a graph such that when synchronously following these paths the agents never encounter a conflict. In the most widespread MAPF formulation, the so-called Classical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Artem Agafonov , Konstantin Yakovlev

Many challenging tasks such as managing traffic systems, electricity grids, or supply chains involve complex decision-making processes that must balance multiple conflicting objectives and coordinate the actions of various independent…

Several recently developed Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) solvers scale to large MAPF instances by searching for MAPF plans on 2 levels: The high-level search resolves collisions between agents, and the low-level search plans paths for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Hang Ma , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig

Nearly all state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms rely on error backpropagation, which is generally regarded as biologically implausible. An alternative way of training an artificial neural network is through treating each unit in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Stephen Chung

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an NP-hard problem well studied in artificial intelligence and robotics. It has many real-world applications for which existing MAPF solvers use various heuristics. However, these solvers are deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Liron Cohen , Glenn Wagner , T. K. Satish Kumar , Howie Choset , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris