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Masking of quantum information is a way of hiding information in correlations such that no information is accessible to any local observer. Although the set of all quantum states as a whole cannot be masked into bipartite correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Rui-Qi Zhang , Zhibo Hou , Zihao Li , Huangjun Zhu , Guo-Yong Xiang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Classical information encoded in composite quantum states can be completely hidden from the reduced subsystems and may be found only in the correlations. Can the same be true for quantum information? If quantum information is hidden from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 Kavan Modi , Arun Kumar Pati , Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen

This paper focuses on quantum information masking for quantum state in two-dimensional Hilbert space. We present a system of equations as the condition of quantum information masking. It is shown that quantum information contained in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Mei-Yi Wang , Su-Juan Zhang , Chen-Ming Bai , Lu Liu

Masking of data is a method to protect information by shielding it from a third party, however keeping it usable for further usages like application development, building program extensions to name a few. Whereas it is possible for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-03 Tamal Ghosh , Soumya Sarkar , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

The no-masking theorem for quantum information proves that it is impossible to encode an arbitrary input state into a larger bipartite entangled state such that the full information is stored in the correlation but the individual subsystems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Swapnil Bhowmick , Abhay Srivastav , Arun Kumar Pati

The information bleaching refers to any physical process that removes quantum information from the initial state of the physical system. The no-hiding theorem proves that if information is lost from the initial system, then it cannot remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Abhay Srivastav , Arun Kumar Pati

Recently, Kavan Modi \emph{et al.} found that masking quantum information is impossible in bipartite scenario in [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{120}, 230501 (2018)]. This adds another item of the no-go theorems. In this paper, we present some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-27 Mao-Sheng Li , Yan-Ling Wang

Masking of quantum information spreads it over nonlocal correlations and hides it from the subsystems. It is known that no operation can simultaneously mask all pure states [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230501 (2018)], so in what sense is quantum…

Quantum information masking is a protocol that hides the original quantum information from subsystems and spreads it over quantum correlation, which is available to multipartite except bipartite systems. In this work, we explicitly study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Wei-Min Shang , Xing-Yan Fan , Fu-Lin Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

Masking of quantum information means that information is hidden from a subsystem and spread over a composite system. Modi et al. proved in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230501 (2018)] that this is true for some restricted sets of nonorthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-01 Huaixin Cao , Yuxing Du , Zhihua Guo , Kanyuan Han , Chuan Yang

The no-masking theorem says that masking quantum information is impossible in a bipartite scenario. However, there exist schemes to mask quantum states in multipartite systems. In this work, we show that, the joint measurement in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Wei-Min Shang , Fu-Lin Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

Masking information is a protocol that encodes quantum information into a bipartite entangled state while the information is completely unknown to local systems. This paper explicitly studies the structure of the set of maskable states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-16 Feng Ding , Xueyuan Hu

Masking quantum information, which is impossible without randomness as a resource, is a task that encodes quantum information into bipartite quantum state while forbidding local parties from accessing to that information. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Seok Hyung Lie , Hyunseok Jeong

The no-masking theorem (Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230501 (2018)) claims that arbitrary quantum states cannot be masked. Based on this result, the authors further suggested that qubit commitment is not possible. Here we show that this connection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Guang Ping He

Quantum data hiding is the existence of pairs of bipartite quantum states that are (almost) perfectly distinguishable with global measurements, yet close to indistinguishable when only measurements implementable with local operations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Francesco Anna Mele , Ludovico Lami

Quantum data hiding stores classical information in bipartite quantum states that are, in principle, perfectly distinguishable, yet remain almost indistinguishable without access to a quantum communication channel. Here, we investigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Aby Philip , Alexander Streltsov

We study the quantum information masking based on isometric linear operators that distribute the information encoded in pure states to the correlations in bipartite states. It is shown that a isometric linear operator can not mask any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-23 Xiao-Bin Liang , Bo Li , Shao-Ming Fei , Heng Fan

The no-masking theorem states that it is impossible to encode an arbitrary quantum state into the correlations between two subsystems so that no original information about is accessible in the marginal state of either subsystem. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Mao-Sheng Li , Kavan Modi

Since masking of quantum information was introduced by Modi et al. in [PRL 120, 230501 (2018)], many discussions on this topic have been published. In this paper, we consider relationship between quantum multipartite maskers (QMMs) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-22 Huaixin Cao , Yuxing Du , Zhihua Guo , Kanyuan Han , Chuan Yan

We consider the discrimination of two-party quantum states and provide a quantum data-hiding scheme using two-qubit separable states. We first provide a bound on the optimal local discrimination of two-party quantum states, and establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Donghoon Ha , Jeong San Kim
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