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Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are quickly gaining traction as a viable alternative to Deep Neural Networks (DNN). In comparison to DNNs, SNNs are more computationally powerful and provide superior energy efficiency. SNNs, while exciting at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Junde Li , Sina Sayyah Ensan , Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan , Sachhidh Kannan , Swaroop Ghosh

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), recognized as the third generation of neural networks, are known for their bio-plausibility and energy efficiency, especially when implemented on neuromorphic hardware. However, the majority of existing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yi Jiang , Sen Lu , Abhronil Sengupta

The success of deep learning in the past decade is partially shrouded in the shadow of adversarial attacks. In contrast, the brain is far more robust at complex cognitive tasks. Utilizing the advantage that neurons in the brain communicate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-12 Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang , Jian K. Liu

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

In a spiking neural network (SNN), individual neurons operate autonomously and only communicate with other neurons sparingly and asynchronously via spike signals. These characteristics render a massively parallel hardware implementation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Ping Tak Peter Tang , Tsung-Han Lin , Mike Davies

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising in a bio-plausible coding for spatio-temporal information and event-driven signal processing, which is very suited for energy-efficient implementation in neuromorphic hardware. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Hanle Zheng , Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Yifan Hu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), providing more realistic neuronal dynamics, have been shown to achieve performance comparable to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in several machine learning tasks. Information is processed as spikes within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiaqi Lin , Sen Lu , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted the attention of the deep learning community for use in low-latency, low-power neuromorphic hardware, as well as models for understanding neuroscience. In this paper, we introduce Spiking Phasor…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Connor Bybee , E. Paxon Frady , Friedrich T. Sommer

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise low-power event-driven computation for temporally rich tasks, but commonly used neuron models often trade off gradient-based trainability, dynamical richness, and high activity sparsity. These…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alex Fulleda-Garcia , Saray Soldado-Magraner , Josep Maria Margarit-Taulé

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are models for "realistic" neuronal computation, which makes them somehow different in scope from "ordinary" deep-learning models widely used in AI platforms nowadays. SNNs focus on timed latency (and possibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhen Yao , Elisabetta De Maria , Robert De Simone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a prominent neural computing paradigm. However, the typical shallow SNN architectures have limited capacity for expressing complex representations while training deep SNNs using input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Chankyu Lee , Syed Shakib Sarwar , Priyadarshini Panda , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks coupled with neuromorphic hardware and event-based sensors are getting increased interest for low-latency and low-power inference at the edge. However, multiple spiking neuron models have been proposed in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Mohamed Sadek Bouanane , Dalila Cherifi , Elisabetta Chicca , Lyes Khacef

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, including image and speech recognition. However, maximizing the effectiveness of DNNs requires meticulous optimization of numerous hyperparameters…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Gorka Abad , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek , Aitor Urbieta

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, provide a unique pathway for capturing the intricacies of temporal data. However, applying SNNs to time-series forecasting is challenging due to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Changze Lv , Yansen Wang , Dongqi Han , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Dongsheng Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient counterparts of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high biological plausibility, as information is transmitted through temporal spiking patterns. The core element of an SNN is the spiking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Kevin Vu , Yu Bi

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are able to learn spatiotemporal features while using less energy, especially on neuromorphic hardware. The most widely used spiking neuron in deep learning is the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron. LIF…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Sidi Yaya Arnaud Yarga , Sean U. N. Wood

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the neural circuits of the brain, are promising in achieving high computational efficiency with biological fidelity. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to optimize SNNs because the functional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Huifeng Yin , Hanle Zheng , Jiayi Mao , Siyuan Ding , Xing Liu , Mingkun Xu , Yifan Hu , Jing Pei , Lei Deng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been recently brought to light due to their promising capabilities. SNNs simulate the brain with higher biological plausibility compared to previous generations of neural networks. Learning with fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani