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Existing Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems suffer from limited reference diversity, leading to underestimated evaluation and restricted model generalization. To address this issue, we introduce the Judge of Edit-Level Validity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuhao Zhan , Yuqing Zhang , Jing Yuan , Qixiang Ma , Zhiqi Yang , Yu Gu , Zemin Liu , Fei Wu

The Gutenberg Literary English Corpus (GLEC) provides a rich source of textual data for research in digital humanities, computational linguistics or neurocognitive poetics. However, so far only a small subcorpus, the Gutenberg English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Arthur M. Jacobs , Annette Kinder

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence, offering profound opportunities for educational applications. However, their ability to provide fine-grained educational feedback for K-12 English writing remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jingheng Ye , Shen Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Hebin Wang , Deqing Zou , Yanyu Zhu , Jiwei Tang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ruitong Liu , Haoyang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Qingsong Wen

Grammatical Error Detection (GED) methods rely heavily on human annotated error corpora. However, these annotations are unavailable in many low-resource languages. In this paper, we investigate GED in this context. Leveraging the zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Gaetan Lopez Latouche , Marc-André Carbonneau , Ben Swanson

The incorporation of pseudo data in the training of grammatical error correction models has been one of the main factors in improving the performance of such models. However, consensus is lacking on experimental configurations, namely,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Shun Kiyono , Jun Suzuki , Masato Mita , Tomoya Mizumoto , Kentaro Inui

In this paper, we propose a system combination method for grammatical error correction (GEC), based on nonlinear integer programming (IP). Our method optimizes a novel F score objective based on error types, and combines multiple end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Ruixi Lin , Hwee Tou Ng

Metric validation in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is currently done by observing the correlation between human and metric-induced rankings. However, such correlation studies are costly, methodologically troublesome, and suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Automatic evaluation in grammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for selecting the best-performing systems. Currently, reference-based metrics are a popular choice, which basically measure the similarity between hypothesis and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Model ensemble has been in widespread use for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), boosting model performance. We hypothesize that model ensemble based on the perplexity (PPL) computed by pre-trained language models (PLMs) should benefit the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Chenming Tang , Xiuyu Wu , Yunfang Wu

In the era of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) stands out as an effective prompting strategy that explores LLMs' potency across various tasks. However, applying LLMs to grammatical error correction (GEC) is still a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chenming Tang , Fanyi Qu , Yunfang Wu

Grammatical error correction can be viewed as a low-resource sequence-to-sequence task, because publicly available parallel corpora are limited. To tackle this challenge, we first generate erroneous versions of large unannotated corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Yo Joong Choe , Jiyeon Ham , Kyubyong Park , Yeoil Yoon

This research report introduces the generation of textual entailment within the project CSIEC (Computer Simulation in Educational Communication), an interactive web-based human-computer dialogue system with natural language for English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2008-03-03 Jiyou Jia

Training a model for grammatical error correction (GEC) requires a set of labeled ungrammatical / grammatical sentence pairs, but manually annotating such pairs can be expensive. Recently, the Break-It-Fix-It (BIFI) framework has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Michihiro Yasunaga , Jure Leskovec , Percy Liang

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have contributed to the development of automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems that can correct grammatical errors. However, while these systems are effective at improving text, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Steven Coyne , Diana Galvan-Sosa , Ryan Spring , Camélia Guerraoui , Michael Zock , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Grammatical error classification plays a crucial role in language learning systems, but existing classification taxonomies often lack rigorous validation, leading to inconsistencies and unreliable feedback. In this paper, we revisit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Deqing Zou , Jingheng Ye , Yulu Liu , Yu Wu , Zishan Xu , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Bingxu An , Zhao Wei , Yong Xu

Neural sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) approaches have proven to be successful in grammatical error correction (GEC). Based on the seq2seq framework, we propose a novel fluency boost learning and inference mechanism. Fluency boosting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Tao Ge , Furu Wei , Ming Zhou

Traditional metrics like BLEU and BERTScore fail to capture semantic fidelity in generative text-to-text tasks. We adapt the Cross-Examination Framework (CEF) for a reference-free, multi-dimensional evaluation by treating the source and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tathagata Raha , Clement Christophe , Nada Saadi , Hamza A Javed , Marco AF Pimentel , Ronnie Rajan , Praveenkumar Kanithi

In this paper, we study Chinese Spelling Correction (CSC) as a joint decision made by two separate models: a language model and an error model. Through empirical analysis, we find that fine-tuning BERT tends to over-fit the error model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hongqiu Wu , Shaohua Zhang , Yuchen Zhang , Hai Zhao

This work proposes a syntax-enhanced grammatical error correction (GEC) approach named SynGEC that effectively incorporates dependency syntactic information into the encoder part of GEC models. The key challenge for this idea is that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yue Zhang , Bo Zhang , Zhenghua Li , Zuyi Bao , Chen Li , Min Zhang

This research introduces KoGEC, a Korean Grammatical Error Correction system using pre\--trained translation models. We fine-tuned NLLB (No Language Left Behind) models for Korean GEC, comparing their performance against large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Taeeun Kim , Semin Jeong , Youngsook Song