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The authors propose a robust semi-parametric empirical likelihood method to integrate all available information from multiple samples with a common center of measurements. Two different sets of estimating equations are used to improve the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-03 Hsiao-Hsuan Wang , Yuehua Wu , Yuejiao Fu , Xiaogang Wang

From behavioral sciences to biology to quantum mechanics, one encounters situations where (i) a system outputs several random variables in response to several inputs, (ii) for each of these responses only some of the inputs may "directly"…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-01 E. N. Dzhafarov , J. V. Kujala

The role of probability in quantum mechanics is reviewed, with a discussion of the ``orthodox'' versus the statistical interpretive frameworks, and of a number of related issues. After a brief summary of sources of unease with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen L. Adler

It is well-established that quantum probability does not follow classical Kolmogorov probability calculus. Various approaches have been developed to loosen the axioms, of which the use of signed measures is the most successful (e.g. the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Gabriele Carcassi , Christine A. Aidala

The extension of classical imperative programs with real-valued random variables and random branching gives rise to probabilistic programs. The termination problem is one of the most fundamental liveness properties for such programs. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady , Petr Novotný , Jiři Zárevúcky , Đorđe Žikelić

Standard probability theory has been extremely successful but there are some conceptually possible scenarios, such as fair infinite lotteries, that it does not model well. For this reason alternative probability theories have been…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-08-10 Hazel Brickhill , Leon Horsten

Attempts to replicate probabilistic reasoning in expert systems have typically overlooked a critical ingredient of that process. Probabilistic analysis typically requires extensive judgments regarding interdependencies among hypotheses and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Marvin S. Cohen

Mechanisms for the automation of uncertainty are required for expert systems. Sometimes these mechanisms need to obey the properties of probabilistic reasoning. A purely numeric mechanism, like those proposed so far, cannot provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alan Bundy

Frequentist inference typically is described in terms of hypothetical repeated sampling but there are advantages to an interpretation that uses a single random sample. Contemporary examples are given that indicate probabilities for random…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-06-21 Paul Vos , Don Holbert

The aim of this paper is to show that the concept of probability is best understood by dividing this concept into two different types of probability, namely physical probability and analogical probability. Loosely speaking, a physical…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-04-22 Russell J. Bowater

This is a comment on the article "Probabilistic Integration: A Role in Statistical Computation?" by F.-X. Briol, C. J. Oates, M. Girolami, M. A. Osborne and D. Sejdinovic to appear in Statistical Science. There is a role for statistical…

Computation · Statistics 2019-01-23 Art B. Owen

Multi-class classification methods that produce sets of probabilistic classifiers, such as ensemble learning methods, are able to model aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Aleatoric uncertainty is then typically quantified via the Bayes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-20 Thomas Mortier , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier , Stijn Luca , Willem Waegeman

The likelihood function plays a pivotal role in statistical inference; it is adaptable to a wide range of models and the resultant estimators are known to have good properties. However, these results hinge on correct specification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Adam Jaeger , Nicole Lazar

Despite extensive theoretical research on proportionality in approval-based multiwinner voting, its impact on which committees and candidates can be selected in practice remains poorly understood. We address this gap by (i) analyzing the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Niclas Boehmer , Lara Glessen , Jannik Peters

Using semiclassical methods, it is possible to construct very accurate approximations in the short wavelength limit of quantum dynamics that rely exclusively on classical dynamical input. For systems whose classical realization is strongly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Steven Tomsovic

This is a joint introduction to classical and free probability, which are twin sisters. We first review the foundations of classical probability, notably with the main limiting theorems (CLT, CCLT, PLT, CPLT), and with a look into examples…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Teo Banica

We derive exceedingly simple practical procedures revealing the quantum nature of states and measurements by the violation of classical upper bounds on the statistics of arbitrary measurements. Data analysis is minimum and definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-28 Ángel Rivas , Alfredo Luis

Various semantics for studying the square of opposition and the hexagon of opposition have been proposed recently. We interpret sentences by imprecise (set-valued) probability assessments on a finite sequence of conditional events. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-13 Niki Pfeifer , Giuseppe Sanfilippo

Quantum theory demands that, in contrast to classical physics, not all properties can be simultaneously well defined. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is a manifestation of this fact. Another important corollary arises that there can be…

If we define classical foundational concepts constructively, and introduce non-algorithmic effective methods into classical mathematics, then we can bridge the chasm between truth and provability, and define computational methods that are…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bhupinder Singh Anand