English
Related papers

Related papers: Temperature check: theory and practice for trainin…

200 papers

The softmax function is a fundamental component in deep learning. This study delves into the often-overlooked parameter within the softmax function, known as "temperature," providing novel insights into the practical and theoretical aspects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Hao Xuan , Bokai Yang , Xingyu Li

The softmax function is a fundamental building block of deep neural networks, commonly used to define output distributions in classification tasks or attention weights in transformer architectures. Despite its widespread use and proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wojciech Masarczyk , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Tin Sum Cheng , Tomasz Trzciński , Aurelien Lucchi , Razvan Pascanu

In deep learning-based classification tasks, the softmax function's temperature parameter $T$ critically influences the output distribution and overall performance. This study presents a novel theoretical insight that the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Tatsuhito Hasegawa , Shunsuke Sakai

Neural machine translation (NMT) models are typically trained using a softmax cross-entropy loss where the softmax distribution is compared against smoothed gold labels. In low-resource scenarios, NMT models tend to over-fit because the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Raj Dabre , Atsushi Fujita

The key factor in implementing machine learning algorithms in decision-making situations is not only the accuracy of the model but also its confidence level. The confidence level of a model in a classification problem is often given by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-02 Masanari Kimura , Hiroki Naganuma

Metric learning aims at learning a distance which is consistent with the semantic meaning of the samples. The problem is generally solved by learning an embedding for each sample such that the embeddings of samples of the same category are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Xu Zhang , Felix Xinnan Yu , Svebor Karaman , Wei Zhang , Shih-Fu Chang

In deep learning classifiers, the cost function usually takes the form of a combination of SoftMax and CrossEntropy functions. The SoftMax unit transforms the scores predicted by the model network into assessments of the degree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Wladyslaw Skarbek

Recently, the robustness of deep learning models has received widespread attention, and various methods for improving model robustness have been proposed, including adversarial training, model architecture modification, design of loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Hao Wang , Chen Li , Jinzhe Jiang , Xin Zhang , Yaqian Zhao , Weifeng Gong

Proper losses such as cross-entropy incentivize classifiers to produce class probabilities that are well-calibrated on the training data. Due to the generalization gap, these classifiers tend to become overconfident on the test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Viacheslav Komisarenko , Meelis Kull

Meta-learning has demonstrated promising results in few-shot classification (FSC) by learning to solve new problems using prior knowledge. Bayesian methods are effective at characterizing uncertainty in FSC, which is crucial in high-risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Tianjun Ke , Haoqun Cao , Zenan Ling , Feng Zhou

Attention is a core component of transformer architecture, whether encoder-only, decoder-only, or encoder-decoder model. However, the standard softmax attention often produces noisy probability distribution, which can impair effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dhananjay Ram , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Policy-gradient approaches to reinforcement learning have two common and undesirable overhead procedures, namely warm-start training and sample variance reduction. In this paper, we describe a reinforcement learning method based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Nan Ding , Radu Soricut

Loss functions play a key role in training superior deep neural networks. In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the popular cross entropy loss together with softmax does not explicitly guarantee minimization of intra-class variance or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 XiaoBin Li , WeiQiang Wang

We analyze the generalization gap (gap between the training and test errors) when training a potentially over-parametrized model using a Markovian stochastic training algorithm, initialized from some distribution $\theta_0 \sim p_0$. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Itamar Harel , Yonathan Wolanowsky , Gal Vardi , Nathan Srebro , Daniel Soudry

In this paper, we utilize results from convex analysis and monotone operator theory to derive additional properties of the softmax function that have not yet been covered in the existing literature. In particular, we show that the softmax…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Bolin Gao , Lacra Pavel

Optimization analyses for cross-entropy training rely on local Taylor models of the loss to predict whether a proposed step will decrease the objective. These surrogates are reliable only inside the Taylor convergence radius of the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Piyush Sao

We propose a prototype-based approach for improving explainability of softmax classifiers that provides an understandable prediction confidence, generated through stochastic sampling of prototypes, and demonstrates potential for out of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hilarie Sit , Brendan Keith , Karianne Bergen

Understanding the intricate non-convex training dynamics of softmax-based models is crucial for explaining the empirical success of transformers. In this article, we analyze the gradient flow dynamics of the value-softmax model, defined as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Aditya Varre , Mark Rofin , Nicolas Flammarion

Accurate and efficient temperature prediction is critical for optimizing the preheating process of PET preforms in industrial microwave systems prior to blow molding. We propose a novel deep learning framework for generalized temperature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ahmad Alsheikh , Andreas Fischer

A key property of reasoning systems is the ability to make sharp decisions on their input data. For contemporary AI systems, a key carrier of sharp behaviour is the softmax function, with its capability to perform differentiable query-key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Petar Veličković , Christos Perivolaropoulos , Federico Barbero , Razvan Pascanu
‹ Prev 1 2 3 10 Next ›