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Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a technique that improves the training of deep neural networks, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It has been empirically demonstrated that BatchNorm increases performance, stability, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yashna Peerthum , Mark Stamp

Deep ReLU networks trained with the square loss have been observed to perform well in classification tasks. We provide here a theoretical justification based on analysis of the associated gradient flow. We show that convergence to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tomaso Poggio , Qianli Liao

This paper proposes a novel batch normalization strategy for test-time adaptation. Recent test-time adaptation methods heavily rely on the modified batch normalization, i.e., transductive batch normalization (TBN), which calculates the mean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Hyesu Lim , Byeonggeun Kim , Jaegul Choo , Sungha Choi

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

Batch Normalization (BN), a widely-used technique in neural networks, enhances generalization and expedites training by normalizing each mini-batch to the same mean and variance. However, its effectiveness diminishes when confronted with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Bilal Faye , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag

As the size of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, model compression without sacrificing accuracy has become a crucial challenge for deployment. While some quantization methods, such as GPTQ, have made progress in achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Liang Li , Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Normalization methods such as batch [Ioffe and Szegedy, 2015], weight [Salimansand Kingma, 2016], instance [Ulyanov et al., 2016], and layer normalization [Baet al., 2016] have been widely used in modern machine learning. Here, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Xiaoxia Wu , Edgar Dobriban , Tongzheng Ren , Shanshan Wu , Zhiyuan Li , Suriya Gunasekar , Rachel Ward , Qiang Liu

Deep neural networks have become a staple in solving intricate problems, proving their mettle in a wide array of applications. However, their training process is often hampered by shifting activation distributions during backpropagation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Bilal Faye , Hanane Azzag , Mustapha Lebbah , Fangchen Fang

As an indispensable component, Batch Normalization (BN) has successfully improved the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) with mini-batches, by normalizing the distribution of the internal representation for each hidden layer. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Guangrun Wang , Jiefeng Peng , Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Liang Lin

Convolutional neural network training can suffer from diverse issues like exploding or vanishing gradients, scaling-based weight space symmetry and covariant-shift. In order to address these issues, researchers develop weight regularization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Theodoros Georgiou , Sebastian Schmitt , Thomas Bäck , Wei Chen , Michael Lew

Online Normalization is a new technique for normalizing the hidden activations of a neural network. Like Batch Normalization, it normalizes the sample dimension. While Online Normalization does not use batches, it is as accurate as Batch…

Low bit-width weights and activations are an effective way of combating the increasing need for both memory and compute power of Deep Neural Networks. In this work, we present a probabilistic training method for Neural Network with both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Jorn W. T. Peters , Max Welling

Batch normalization (BN) is a fundamental unit in modern deep networks, in which a linear transformation module was designed for improving BN's flexibility of fitting complex data distributions. In this paper, we demonstrate properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Cihang Xie , Jieru Mei , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Hongkai Xiong , Alan Yuille

We show how to adjust for the variance introduced by dropout with corrections to weight initialization and Batch Normalization, yielding higher accuracy. Though dropout can preserve the expected input to a neuron between train and test, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-27 Dan Hendrycks , Kevin Gimpel

In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Batch normalization (BN) is a popular and ubiquitous method in deep learning that has been shown to decrease training time and improve generalization performance of neural networks. Despite its success, BN is not theoretically well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Susanna Lange , Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

Batch Normalization is an important approach to advancing deep learning since it allows multiple networks to train simultaneously. A problem arises when normalizing along the batch dimension because B.N.'s error increases significantly as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Gousia Habib , Ishfaq Ahmed Malik , Jameel Ahmad , Imtiaz Ahmed , Shaima Qureshi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Amal Rannen Triki , Maxim Berman , Matthew B. Blaschko

Binary neural networks (BNNs) have attracted broad research interest due to their efficient storage and computational ability. Nevertheless, a significant challenge of BNNs lies in handling discrete constraints while ensuring bit entropy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Mingbao Lin , Rongrong Ji , Zihan Xu , Baochang Zhang , Fei Chao , Chia-Wen Lin , Ling Shao

Data-free quantization is a task that compresses the neural network to low bit-width without access to original training data. Most existing data-free quantization methods cause severe performance degradation due to inaccurate activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yefei He , Luoming Zhang , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou