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We present updated non-adiabatic and inhomogeneous evolution models for Uranus and Neptune, employing an interior composition of methane, ammonia, water, and rocks. Following formation trends of the gas giants, Uranus and Neptune formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-28 Roberto Tejada Arevalo

The presence of highly siderophile elements in Earth's mantle indicates that a small percentage of Earth's mass was delivered after the last giant impact in a stage of 'late accretion.' There is ongoing debate about the nature of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-11 Philip J. Carter , Sarah T. Stewart

Giant impacts were common in the early evolution of the Solar System, and it is possible that Venus also experienced an impact. A giant impact on Venus could have affected its rotation rate and possibly its thermal evolution. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Mirco Bussmann , Christian Reinhardt , Cedric Gillmann , Thomas Meier , Joachim Stadel , Paul Tackley , Ravit Helled

The water content and habitability of terrestrial planets are determined during their final assembly, from perhaps a hundred 1000-km "planetary embryos" and a swarm of billions of 1-10 km "planetesimals." During this process, we assume that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sean N. Raymond , Thomas Quinn , Jonathan I. Lunine

Little is known about the early evolution of Venus and a potential habitable period during the first one billion years. In particular, it remains unclear whether or not plate tectonics and an active carbonate-silicate cycle were present. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-21 Dennis Höning , Philipp Baumeister , John Lee Grenfell , Nicola Tosi , Michael J. Way

We present here results of numerical simulations of the formation and early evolution of rocky planets through pebble accretion, with an with an emphasis on hydrogen envelope longevity and the composition of the outgassed atmosphere. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Piia Maria Tomberg , Anders Johansen

Composition of terrestrial planets records planetary accretion, core-mantle and crust-mantle differentiation, and surface processes. Here we compare the compositional models of Earth and Mars to reveal their characteristics and formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Takashi Yoshizaki , William F. McDonough

This is a white paper submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey. The deep atmosphere of Venus is largely unexplored and yet may harbor clues to the evolutionary pathways for a major silicate planet with implications…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-01 James B. Garvin , Giada N. Arney , Sushil Atreya , Stephanie Getty , Martha Gilmore , David Grinspoon , Natasha Johnson , Stephen Kane , Walter Kiefer , Ralph Lorenz

A non negligible fraction of white dwarf stars show the presence of heavy elements in their atmospheres. The most accepted explanation for this contamination is the accretion of material coming from tidally disrupted planetesimals, which…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 F. C. Wachlin , G. Vauclair , S. Vauclair , L. G. Althaus

We used chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetic calculations to model chemistry of the volatiles released by heating different types of carbonaceous, ordinary and enstatite chondritic material as a function of temperature and pressure.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 L. Schaefer , B. Fegley

Recent claims of biosignature gases in sub-Neptune atmospheres have renewed interest in water-rich sub-Neptunes with surface oceans, often referred to as Hycean planets. These planets are hypothesized to form beyond the snow line, accreting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Aaron Werlen , Caroline Dorn , Remo Burn , Hilke E. Schlichting , Simon L. Grimm , Edward D. Young

We have investigated the possible evolutional history of the water ocean on Venus, adopting the one dimensional radiative-convective model,including the parameters as albedo and relative humidity. Under this model, it has the possibility…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-28 Tetsuya Hara , Anna Suzuki

We explore the atmospheric and surface history of a hypothetical paleo-Venus climate using a 3-D General Circulation Model. We constrain our model with the in-situ and remote sensing Venus data available today. Given that Venus and Earth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-16 M. J. Way , Anthony Del Genio , David S. Amundsen

During the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, hit-and-run collisions are about as common as accretionary mergers, for expected velocities and angles of giant impacts. Average hit-and-runs leave two major remnants plus debris: the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Erik Asphaug , Saverio Cambioni , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz

It is reasonable to assume that the structure of a planet and the interior distribution of its components are determined by its formation history. We thus follow the growth of a planet from a small embryo through its subsequent evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Michael Lozovsky , Dina Prialnik , Morris Podolak

The similarity of Venus and Earth in bulk properties make Venus an appealing target for future colonization. Several proposals have been put forward for colonizing and even terraforming Venus despite the extreme conditions on the planet's…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-15 Alex R. Howe

The interaction between a magma ocean and a primordial atmosphere is increasingly recognized as a key process in shaping planetary envelope compositions. This coupling should strongly influence gas accretion, yet its role during the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 Tadahiro Kimura , Tim Lichtenberg

In order to test planetary accretion and differentiation scenarios, we integrated a multistage core-mantle differentiation model with N-body accretion simulations. Impacts between embryos and planetesimals result in magma ocean formation…

The origin of life on Earth seems to demand a highly reduced early atmosphere, rich in CH4, H2, and NH3, but geological evidence suggests that Earth's mantle has always been relatively oxidized and its emissions dominated by CO2 H2O, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-27 Kevin Zahnle , Roxana Lupu , David Catling , Nick Wogan

Present-day Mars is cold and dry, but mineralogical and morphological evidence shows that liquid-water existed on the surface of ancient Mars. In order to explain this evidence and assess ancient Mars's habitability, one must understand the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-09 Trent B. Thomas , Renyu Hu , Daniel Y. Lo