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Code comments are important in software development because they directly influence software maintainability and overall quality. Bad practices of code comments lead to code comment smells, negatively impacting software maintenance. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Ipek Oztas , U Boran Torun , Eray Tüzün

Android Malware has emerged as a consequence of the increasing popularity of smartphones and tablets. While most previous work focuses on inherent characteristics of Android apps to detect malware, this study analyses indirect features and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Ignacio Martín , José Alberto Hernández , Alfonso Muñoz , Antonio Guzmán

In this study, we explore advanced strategies for enhancing software quality by detecting and refactoring data clumps, special types of code smells. Our approach transcends the capabilities of integrated development environments, utilizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Nils Baumgartner , Elke Pulvermüller

Never before has any OS been so popular as Android. Existing mobile phones are not simply devices for making phone calls and receiving SMS messages, but powerful communication and entertainment platforms for web surfing, social networking,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Xiaoyu Sun

Context: Visual aesthetics is increasingly seen as an essential factor in perceived usability, interaction, and overall appraisal of user interfaces especially with respect to mobile applications. Yet, a question that remains is how to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Christiane G. von Wangenheim , João V. Araujo Porto , Jean C. R. Hauck , Adriano F. Borgatto

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of software aging - namely, the gradual performance degradation and resource exhaustion in the long run - in the Android OS. The study intends to highlight if, and to what extent, devices from different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Domenico Cotroneo , Antonio Ken Iannillo , Roberto Natella , Roberto Pietrantuono

Refactoring is a common practice in software development, aimed at improving the internal code structure in order to make it easier to understand and modify. Consequently, it is often assumed that refactoring makes the code less prone to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Isabella Ferreira , Lawrence Arkoh , Anderson Uchôa , Ana Carla Bibiano , Alessandro Garcia , Wesley K. G. Assunção

Mobile apps are predominantly integrated with cloud services to benefit from enhanced functionalities. Adopting authentication using secrets such as API keys is crucial to ensure secure mobile-cloud interactions. However, developers often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kevin Li , Lin Ling , Jinqiu Yang , Lili Wei

Building on the computer science concept of code smells, we initiate the study of law smells, i.e., patterns in legal texts that pose threats to the comprehensibility and maintainability of the law. With five intuitive law smells as running…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Corinna Coupette , Dirk Hartung , Janis Beckedorf , Maximilian Böther , Daniel Martin Katz

Context: Writing Clean Code understandable by other collaborators has become crucial to enhancing collaboration and productivity. However, very little is known regarding whether developers agree with Clean Code Principles and how they apply…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Kevin Ljung , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta

The learning and usage of an API is supported by official documentation. Like source code, API documentation is itself a software product. Several research results show that bad design in API documentation can make the reuse of API features…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Junaed Younus Khan , Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker , Gias Uddin , Anindya Iqbal

Mobile applications, often simply called "apps", are increasingly widespread, and we use them daily to perform a number of activities. Like all software, apps must be adequately tested to gain confidence that they behave correctly.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Shauvik Roy Choudhary , Alessandra Gorla , Alessandro Orso

While extremely valuable to achieve advanced functions, mobile phone sensors can be abused by attackers to implement malicious activities in Android apps, as experimentally demonstrated by many state-of-the-art studies. There is hence a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Kui Liu , Sheng Wen , Li Li , John Grundy

Context: Developers use bad code smells to guide code reorganization. Yet developers, text books, tools, and researchers disagree on which bad smells are important. Objective: To evaluate the likelihood that a code reorganization to address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Rahul Krishna , Tim Menzies , Lucas Layman

Energy efficiency is an important criterion to judge the quality of mobile apps, but one third of our randomly sampled apps suffer from energy issues that can quickly drain battery power. To understand these issues, we conducted an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xueliang Li , Yuming Yang , Yepang liu , John P. Gallagher , Kaishun Wu

Architectural decay imposes real costs in terms of developer effort, system correctness, and performance. Over time, those problems are likely to be revealed as explicit implementation issues (defects, feature changes, etc.). Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Duc Minh Le , Suhrid Karthik , Marcelo Schmitt Laser , Nenad Medvidovic

Measuring and evaluating source code similarity is a fundamental software engineering activity that embraces a broad range of applications, including but not limited to code recommendation, duplicate code, plagiarism, malware, and smell…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Morteza Zakeri-Nasrabadi , Saeed Parsa , Mohammad Ramezani , Chanchal Roy , Masoud Ekhtiarzadeh

Static analysis is sound in theory, but an implementation may unsoundly fail to analyze all of a program's code. Any such omission is a serious threat to the validity of the tool's output. Our work is the first to measure the prevalence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jordan Samhi , René Just , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Michael D. Ernst , Jacques Klein

Incorrect placement of methods within classes is a typical code smell called Feature Envy, which causes additional maintenance and cost during evolution. To remove this design flaw, several Move Method refactoring tools have been proposed.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Di Cui , Siqi Wang , Yong Luo , Xingyu Li , Jie Dai , Lu Wang , Qingshan Li

This study addresses the challenge of detecting code smells in large-scale software systems using machine learning (ML). Traditional detection methods often suffer from low accuracy and poor generalization across different datasets. To…