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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have been widely used in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, owing to their powerful text representations trained on large-scale corpora. In this paper, we propose a new PLM called PERT for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yiming Cui , Ziqing Yang , Ting Liu

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have been successful at tackling many natural language processing tasks. However, the unsupervised sub-word tokenization methods commonly used in these models (e.g., byte-pair encoding - BPE) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Antoine Nzeyimana , Andre Niyongabo Rubungo

The growing use of large language models has raised environmental and economic concerns about their intensity of resource usage during inference. Serving these models to each user requires substantial energy and water for cooling. Model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Deyu Cao , Samin Aref

Large protein language models are adept at capturing the underlying evolutionary information in primary structures, offering significant practical value for protein engineering. Compared to natural language models, protein amino acid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yang Tan , Mingchen Li , Pan Tan , Ziyi Zhou , Huiqun Yu , Guisheng Fan , Liang Hong

Fine-tuning pre-trained contextualized embedding models has become an integral part of the NLP pipeline. At the same time, probing has emerged as a way to investigate the linguistic knowledge captured by pre-trained models. Very little is,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Marius Mosbach , Anna Khokhlova , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

Recent advancements in reasoning language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex tasks, but their extended chain-of-thought reasoning process increases inference overhead. While quantization has been widely adopted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruikang Liu , Yuxuan Sun , Manyi Zhang , Haoli Bai , Xianzhi Yu , Tiezheng Yu , Chun Yuan , Lu Hou

The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal

While there has been much recent work studying how linguistic information is encoded in pre-trained sentence representations, comparatively little is understood about how these models change when adapted to solve downstream tasks. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Amil Merchant , Elahe Rahimtoroghi , Ellie Pavlick , Ian Tenney

How can we effectively regularize BERT? Although BERT proves its effectiveness in various downstream natural language processing tasks, it often overfits when there are only a small number of training instances. A promising direction to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Hyun Dong Lee , Seongmin Lee , U Kang

Recent studies of large-scale contrastive pretraining in the text embedding domain show that using single-source minibatches, rather than mixed-source minibatches, can substantially improve overall model accuracy. In this work, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Luke Merrick

Quantization techniques can reduce the size of Deep Neural Networks and improve inference latency and throughput by taking advantage of high throughput integer instructions. In this paper we review the mathematical aspects of quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Hao Wu , Patrick Judd , Xiaojie Zhang , Mikhail Isaev , Paulius Micikevicius

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various tasks, but deploying them for inference poses challenges. Their high resource demands often necessitate complex, costly multi-GPU pipelines, or the use of smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Runsheng Bai , Bo Liu , Qiang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown an impressive capability in code generation. The LLM effectiveness generally increases with its size: The higher the number of LLM's trainable parameters the better its ability to implement code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Alessandro Giagnorio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Saima Afrin , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results for a variety of tasks, but state-of-the-art systems require fast GPUs with large amounts of memory. To reduce both the memory and latency of these systems, practitioners quantize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Gautom Das , Vincent La , Ethan Lau , Abhinav Shrivastava , Matthew Gwilliam

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models like BERT has become an effective way in NLP and yields state-of-the-art results on many downstream tasks. Recent studies on adapting BERT to new tasks mainly focus on modifying the model structure,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yige Xu , Xipeng Qiu , Ligao Zhou , Xuanjing Huang

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Multilingual models are often particularly dependent on scaling to generalize to a growing number of languages. Compression techniques are widely relied upon to reconcile the growth in model size with real world resource constraints, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kelechi Ogueji , Orevaoghene Ahia , Gbemileke Onilude , Sebastian Gehrmann , Sara Hooker , Julia Kreutzer

Transformer-based pre-trained language models such as BERT have achieved remarkable results in Semantic Sentence Matching. However, existing models still suffer from insufficient ability to capture subtle differences. Minor noise like word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Sirui Wang , Di Liang , Jian Song , Yuntao Li , Wei Wu

Recently, leveraging pre-trained Transformer based language models in down stream, task specific models has advanced state of the art results in natural language understanding tasks. However, only a little research has explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Daniel Grießhaber , Johannes Maucher , Ngoc Thang Vu