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This paper proposes the first mediated semi-quantum key distribution in randomization-based environment with an untrusted third party(TP) who has the complete quantum capabilities to help two classical users to establish a secure key. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-12 Yen-Jie chen , Tzonelih Hwang , Chia-Wei Tsai

Quantum State Sharing (QSS) is a protocol by which a (secret) quantum state may be securely split, shared between multiple potentially dishonest players, and reconstructed. Crucially the players are each assumed to be dishonest, and so QSS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Cailean Wilkinson , Matthew Thornton , Natalia Korolkova

In this paper, we put forward a novel single-state three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol with three-particle GHZ entangled states first. Different with previous quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols, the proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Tian-Jie Xu , Ying Chen , Mao-Jie Geng , Tian-Yu Ye

In TCSS (Threshold Changeable Secret Sharing) scheme, the threshold can be changed to deal with share leakage in the long term. But in classical TCSS, there is no guarantee that old shares are deleted even if the participated parties are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Xiaogang Cheng , Ren Guo , Changli Zhou

Recently, a mutual semi-quantum key agreement protocol using Bell states is proposed by Yan et al. (Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 34, 1950294, 2019). The proposed protocol tries to help a quantum participant share a key with a classical participant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-08 Jun Gu , Tzonelih Hwang

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is the result of merging the principles of quantum mechanics with secret information sharing. It enables a sender to share a secret among receivers, and the receivers can then collectively recover the secret…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Guo-Dong Li , Wen-Chuan Cheng , Qing-Le Wang , Long Cheng , Ying Mao , Heng-Yue Jia

By using d-level single-particle states, the first multi-party semiquantum private comparison (MSQPC) protocol which can judge the size relationship of private inputs from more than two classical users within one execution of protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Tian-Yu Ye , Jiang-Yuan Lian

We demonstrate a new construction for perfect quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on imperfect "ramp" secret sharing combined with classical encryption, in which the individual parties' shares are split into quantum and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-12 Ben Fortescue , Gilad Gour

Quantum secret sharing is an encryption technique based on quantum mechanics, which utilizes uncertainty principle to achieve security in transmission. Most protocols focus on the study of quantum ($n,n$) or ($t,n$) threshold single secret…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-15 Rui-Hai Ma , Hui-Nan Chen , Bin-Bin Cai , Song Lin , Xiao-Chen Zhang

A $((k,n))$ quantum threshold secret sharing (QTS) scheme is a quantum cryptographic protocol for sharing a quantum secret among $n$ parties such that the secret can be recovered by any $k$ or more parties while $k-1$ or fewer parties have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Kaushik Senthoor , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

In this work we introduce a novel QKD protocol capable of smoothly transitioning, via user-tuneable parameter, from classical to semi-quantum in order to help understand the effect of quantum communication resources on secure key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Allison Gagliano , Walter O. Krawec , Hasan Iqbal

Quantum communication protocols can be designed to detect eavesdropping attacks, something that classical technologies are unable to do since classical information can be replicated in a non-destructive manner. Eavesdropping detection is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Santanu Majhi , Debajyoti Bera

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) allows a dealer to distribute a secret quantum state among a set of parties so that certain subsets can reconstruct the secret, while unauthorized subsets obtain no information. While QSS was introduced over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Alper Çakan , Vipul Goyal , Chen-Da Liu-Zhang , João Ribeiro

A semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol makes it possible for a quantum party and a classical party to generate a secret shared key. However, many existing SQKD protocols are not experimentally feasible in a secure way using current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-20 Michel Boyer , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

Attacks on classical cryptographic protocols are usually modeled by allowing an adversary to ask queries from an oracle. Security is then defined by requiring that as long as the queries satisfy some constraint, there is some problem the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-01 Ivan Damgaard , Jakob Funder , Jesper Buus Nielsen , Louis Salvail

Semi-quantum communication, a model introduced in 2007 by M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor (PRL 99 140501), involves the use of fully-quantum users and semi-quantum, or "classical" users. These restricted users are only allowed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-15 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

Security of the three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes based on entanglement and a collective eavesdropping check is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel losses. An opaque attack scheme is presented for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fu-Guo Deng , Xi-Han Li , Hong-Yu Zhou

In this paper we analyze the (im)possibility of the exact distinguishability of orthogonal multipartite entangled states under {\em restricted local operation and classical communication}. Based on this local distinguishability analysis we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Ramij Rahaman , Matthew G. Parker

In this paper, we propose a two-party semiquantum summation protocol, where two classical users can accomplish the summation of their private binary sequences with the assistance of a quantum semi-honest third party (TP). The term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Tian-Yu Ye , Tian-Jie Xu , Mao-Jie Geng , Ying Chen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols make it possible for two quantum parties to generate a secret shared key. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocols, such as "QKD with classical Bob" and "QKD with classical Alice" (that have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 Michel Boyer , Matty Katz , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor