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Federated Learning (FL) commonly relies on a central server to coordinate training across distributed clients. While effective, this paradigm suffers from significant communication overhead, impacting overall training efficiency. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jungwon Seo , Minhoe Kim , Chunming Rong

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed training paradigm that aims to learn a common global model without exchanging or transferring the data that are stored locally at different clients. The Federated Averaging (FedAvg)-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiaolu Wang , Zijian Li , Shi Jin , Jun Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning paradigm which ensures data privacy by training models across distributed datasets without centralizing sensitive information. Vertical Federated Learning (VFL), a kind of FL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Nikita Shrivastava , Drishya Uniyal , Bapi Chatterjee

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model while keeping local data decentralized. Data heterogeneity (non-IID) across clients has imposed significant challenges to FL, which makes local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting He , Yiqiang Chen , XiaoDong Yang , Hanchao Yu , Yi-Hua Huang , Yang Gu

Federated learning (FL) is a fast-developing technique that allows multiple workers to train a global model based on a distributed dataset. Conventional FL (FedAvg) employs gradient descent algorithm, which may not be efficient enough.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Zhengjie Yang , Wei Bao , Dong Yuan , Nguyen H. Tran , Albert Y. Zomaya

In the last years, Federated learning (FL) has become a popular solution to train machine learning models in domains with high privacy concerns. However, FL scalability and performance face significant challenges in real-world deployments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Davide Domini , Gianluca Aguzzi , Lukas Esterle , Mirko Viroli

Federated learning has been widely applied to enable decentralized devices, which each have their own local data, to learn a shared model. However, learning from real-world data can be challenging, as it is rarely identically and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Kavya Kopparapu , Eric Lin , Jessica Zhao

Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that takes full advantage of private data samples kept on edge devices. In real-world federated learning systems, these data samples are often decentralized and Non-Independently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dun Zeng , Xiangjing Hu , Shiyu Liu , Yue Yu , Qifan Wang , Zenglin Xu

The emerging paradigm of federated learning (FL) strives to enable collaborative training of deep models on the network edge without centrally aggregating raw data and hence improving data privacy. In most cases, the assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Xiaoxiao Li , Meirui Jiang , Xiaofei Zhang , Michael Kamp , Qi Dou

Federated Learning (FL) is a way for machines to learn from data that is kept locally, in order to protect the privacy of clients. This is typically done using local SGD, which helps to improve communication efficiency. However, such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang , Tao Lin

Federated Learning (FL) is an established paradigm for training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, as the size of the models grows, conventional FL approaches often require significant computational resources on client…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Matteo Caligiuri , Francesco Barbato , Donald Shenaj , Umberto Michieli , Pietro Zanuttigh

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a decentralized paradigm to train models while preserving privacy. However, conventional FL struggles with data heterogeneity and class imbalance, which degrade model performance. Clustered FL balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Alessandro Licciardi , Davide Leo , Eros Fanì , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative intelligence across decentralized data source devices in a privacy-preserving way. While substantial research attention has been drawn to optimizing the learning process for an individual task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Md Sirajul Islam , Isabelle G Chapman , N I Md Ashafuddula , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng , Klara Nahrstedt

With the rapid growth in mobile computing, massive amounts of data and computing resources are now located at the edge. To this end, Federated learning (FL) is becoming a widely adopted distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, which aims…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Li Chou , Zichang Liu , Zhuang Wang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Federated Learning (FL) revolutionizes collaborative machine learning among Internet of Things (IoT) devices by enabling them to train models collectively while preserving data privacy. FL algorithms fall into two primary categories:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Liangkun Yu , Xiang Sun , Rana Albelaihi , Chaeeun Park , Sihua Shao

Federated Learning (FL) offers a collaborative training framework, allowing multiple clients to contribute to a shared model without compromising data privacy. Due to the heterogeneous nature of local datasets, updated client models may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Chia-Hsiang Kao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

The prevalent communication efficient federated learning (FL) frameworks usually take advantages of model gradient compression or model distillation. However, the unbalanced local data distributions (either in quantity or quality) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Beibei Li , Zerui Shao , Ao Liu , Peiran Wang

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning framework that allows multiple users to train models utilizing their local data in a distributed manner. However, considerable statistical heterogeneity in local data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Xinran Wang , Vahid Tarokh , Jie Ding , Ali Anwar

In federated learning (FL), multiple clients collaborate to train machine learning models together while keeping their data decentralized. Through utilizing more training data, FL suffers from the potential negative transfer problem: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Wenxuan Bao , Haohan Wang , Jun Wu , Jingrui He
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