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Evaluating LLMs and text-to-image models is a computationally intensive task often overlooked. Efficient evaluation is crucial for understanding the diverse capabilities of these models and enabling comparisons across a growing number of…

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition (HMER) is an important research direction in handwriting recognition. The performance of HMER suffers from the two-dimensional structure of mathematical expressions (MEs). To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Zhe Li , Lianwen Jin , Songxuan Lai , Yecheng Zhu

This paper discusses digital online mathematics examinations -- a discussion ranging from high school to university level examinations. In particular, we consider the nature of mathematical writing, what is distinctive about mathematical…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Laura Kobel-Keller , Chris Sangwin

We introduce a new dataset for offline Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) from images of Bangla scripts comprising words, lines, and document-level annotations. The BN-HTRd dataset is based on the BBC Bangla News corpus, meant to act as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Md. Ataur Rahman , Nazifa Tabassum , Mitu Paul , Riya Pal , Mohammad Khairul Islam

Handwriting is an alternative method for entering texts composing Short Message Services. However, a whole new language features the texts which are produced. They include for instance abbreviations and other consonantal writing which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-17 Emmanuel Ep Prochasson , Christian Viard-Gaudin , Emmanuel Morin

Handwriting recognition is one of the desirable attributes of document comprehension and analysis. It is concerned with the documents writing style and characteristics that distinguish the authors. The diversity of text images, notably in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Vineet Kumar , Suresh Sundaram

The evaluation of Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems has traditionally used metrics based on the edit distance between HTR and ground truth (GT) transcripts, at both the character and word levels. This is very adequate when the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Enrique Vidal , Alejandro H. Toselli , Antonio Ríos-Vila , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza

We describe a method for classification of handwritten Kannada characters using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Kannada script is agglutinative, where simple shapes are concatenated horizontally to form a character. This results in a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Manasij Venkatesh , Vikas Majjagi , Deepu Vijayasenan

Automated object detection has become increasingly valuable across diverse applications, yet efficient, high-quality annotation remains a persistent challenge. In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of a platform designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping the paradigm of AI for Social Science (AI4SS), rigorously evaluating their capabilities in scholarly writing remains a major challenge. Existing benchmarks largely emphasize single-shot,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Houping Yue , Zixiang Di , Mei Jiang , Bingdong Li , Hao Hao , Yu Song , Bo Jiang , Aimin Zhou

Online handwriting recognition using inertial measurement units opens up handwriting on paper as input for digital devices. Doing it on edge hardware improves privacy and lowers latency, but entails memory constraints. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jindong Li , Dario Zanca , Vincent Christlein , Tim Hamann , Jens Barth , Peter Kämpf , Björn Eskofier

Identifying high-quality webpages is fundamental for real-world search engines, which can fulfil users' information need with the less cognitive burden. Early studies of \emph{webpage quality assessment} usually design hand-crafted features…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Anfeng Cheng , Yiding Liu , Weibin Li , Qian Dong , Shuaiqiang Wang , Zhengjie Huang , Shikun Feng , Zhicong Cheng , Dawei Yin

Studies have shown that children can be exposed to smart devices at a very early age. This has important implications on research in children-computer interaction, children online safety and early education. Many systems have been built…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Toan Nguyen , Aditi Roy , Nasir Memon

Background and objectives: Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that affects the motor system producing lack of coordination, resting tremor, and rigidity. Impairments in handwriting are among the main symptoms of the disease.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 C. D. Rios-Urrego , J. C. Vásquez-Correa , J. F. Vargas-Bonilla , E. Nöth , F. Lopera , J. R. Orozco-Arroyave

Document Layout Analysis is a fundamental step in Handwritten Text Processing systems, from the extraction of the text lines to the type of zone it belongs to. We present a system based on artificial neural networks which is able to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Lorenzo Quirós

This paper presents a new probabilistic graphical model used to model and recognize words representing the names of Tunisian cities. In fact, this work is based on a dynamic hierarchical Bayesian network. The aim is to find the best model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Khaoula jayech , Nesrine Trimech , Mohamed Ali Mahjoub , Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara

Automated feedback systems have become increasingly integral to programming education, where learners engage in iterative cycles of code construction, testing, and refinement. Despite its wider integration in practices and technical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yeonji Jung , Yunseo Lee , Jiyeong Bae , DoYong Kim , Heungsoo Choi , Minji Kang , Unggi Lee

Bangla Handwritten Digit recognition is a significant step forward in the development of Bangla OCR. However, intricate shape, structural likeness and distinctive composition style of Bangla digits makes it relatively challenging to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Md. Ferdous Wahid , Md. Fahim Shahriar , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj

Identification of minimum number of local regions of a handwritten character image, containing well-defined discriminating features which are sufficient for a minimal but complete description of the character is a challenging task. A new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Ritesh Sarkhel , Amit K Saha , Nibaran Das

With the increasing use of large-language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, watermarking has emerged as a promising approach for tracing machine-generated content. However, research on LLM watermarking often relies on simple perplexity or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Karanpartap Singh , James Zou