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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

We propose a modified expectation-maximization algorithm by introducing the concept of quantum annealing, which we call the deterministic quantum annealing expectation-maximization (DQAEM) algorithm. The expectation-maximization (EM)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-13 Hideyuki Miyahara , Koji Tsumura , Yuki Sughiyama

This paper presents methodological improvements to variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) for solving multicriteria optimization problems. We introduce two key contributions. First, we reformulate the parameter optimization task of VQAs as a…

As combinatorial optimization is one of the main quantum computing applications, many methods based on parameterized quantum circuits are being developed. In general, a set of parameters are being tweaked to optimize a cost function out of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Charles Moussa , Hao Wang , Thomas Bäck , Vedran Dunjko

The prospect of using quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, a key limitation associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Alicia B. Magann , Kenneth M. Rudinger , Matthew D. Grace , Mohan Sarovar

We propose a scalable encoding of combinatorial optimization problems with arbitrary connectivity, including higher-order terms, on arrays of trapped neutral atoms requiring only a global laser drive. Our approach relies on modular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Martin Lanthaler , Kilian Ender , Clemens Dlaska , Wolfgang Lechner

Quantum algorithms for combinatorial optimization typically encode constraints as soft penalties within the objective function, which can reduce efficiency and scalability compared to state-of-the-art classical methods that instead exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Matteo Vandelli , Francesco Ferrari , Daniele Dragoni

The performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm is evaluated by using three different measures: the probability of finding the ground state, the energy expectation value, and a ratio closely related to the approximation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Madita Willsch , Dennis Willsch , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

Realizing quantum speedup for practically relevant, computationally hard problems is a central challenge in quantum information science. Using Rydberg atom arrays with up to 289 qubits in two spatial dimensions, we experimentally…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that offers the potential to handle combinatorial optimization problems. Introducing constraints in such combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Santosh Kumar Radha

Differential equations (DEs) serve as the cornerstone for a wide range of scientific endeavors, their solutions weaving through the core of diverse fields such as structural engineering, fluid dynamics, and financial modeling. DEs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Josephine Hunout , Sylvain Laizet , Lorenzo Iannucci

This paper considers an optimization problem for a dynamical system whose evolution depends on a collection of binary decision variables. We develop scalable approximation algorithms with provable suboptimality bounds to provide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-31 Insoon Yang , Samuel A. Burden , Ram Rajagopal , S. Shankar Sastry , Claire J. Tomlin

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) generates an approximate solution to combinatorial optimization problems using a variational ansatz circuit defined by parameterized layers of quantum evolution. In theory, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-24 Rebekah Herrman , Phillip C. Lotshaw , James Ostrowski , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

Emerging quantum processors provide an opportunity to explore new approaches for solving traditional problems in the post Moore's law supercomputing era. However, the limited number of qubits makes it infeasible to tackle massive real-world…

Quantum algorithms offer a compelling new avenue for addressing difficult NP-complete optimization problems, such as the Generalized Assignment Problem (GAP). Given the operational constraints of contemporary Noisy Intermediate-Scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Carlo Mastroianni , Francesco Plastina , Jacopo Settino , Andrea Vinci

Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ernesto Acosta , Guillermo Botella , Carlos Cano

Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Dario De Santis , Salvatore Tirone , Stefano Marmi , Vittorio Giovannetti

An essential component of many sophisticated metaheuristics for solving combinatorial optimization problems is some variation of a local search routine that iteratively searches for a better solution within a chosen set of immediate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 M. Podobrii , V. Kuzmin , V. Voloshinov , M. Veshchezerova , M. R. Perelshtein

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods for solving combinatorial optimization problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, benchmarking VQAs is difficult due to their stochastic behavior and the…

The prospect of quantum solutions for complicated optimization problems is contingent on mapping the original problem onto a tractable quantum energy landscape, e.g. an Ising-type Hamiltonian. Subsequently, techniques like adiabatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Sebastian Egginger , Kristina Kirova , Sonja Bruckner , Stefan Hillmich , Richard Kueng
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